Background: The rate of in-stent restenosis (ISR) is decreasing; however, it is still a challenge for contemporary invasive cardiologists. Therapeutic methods, including drug-eluting balloons (DEBs), intravascular lithotripsy, excimer laser coronary atherectomy, and imaging-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES), have been implemented. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are burdened with a higher risk of ISR than the general population. Aims: DM-Dragon is aimed at evaluating the clinical outcomes of ISR treatment with DEBs vs. DES, focusing on patients with co-existing diabetes mellitus. Methods: The DM-Dragon registry is a retrospective study comprising data from nine high-volume PCI centers in Poland. A total of 1117 patients, of whom 473 individuals had DM and were treated with PCI due to ISR, were included. After propensity-score matching (PSM), 198 pairs were created for further analysis. The primary outcome of the study was target lesion revascularization (TLR). Results: In DM patients after PSM, TLR occurred in 21 (10.61%) vs. 20 (10.1%) in non-diabetic patients, p = 0.8690. Rates of target vessel revascularization (TVR), target vessel myocardial infarction, device-oriented composite endpoint (DOCE), and cardiac death did not differ significantly. Among diabetic patients, the risk of all-cause mortality was significantly lower in the DEB group (2.78% vs. 11.11%, HR 3.67 (95% confidence interval, CI) [1.01-13.3), p = 0.0483). Conclusions: PCI with DEBs is almost as effective as DES implantation in DM patients treated for ISR. In DM-Dragon, the rate of all-cause death was significantly lower in patients treated with DEBs. Further large-scale, randomized clinical trials would be needed to support these findings.

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UNASSIGNED: Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB), a rare genetic skin disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in COL7A1, the gene encoding type VII collagen (COL7), is characterized by skin blistering, scarring, and extracutaneous manifestations that markedly reduce patient quality-of-life. Beremagene geperpavec-svdt (\'B-VEC\') is a gene therapy employing a non-integrating, replication-defective herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-based vector encoding two copies of full-length human COL7A1 to restore COL7 protein after topical administration to DEB wounds. B-VEC was approved in the United States in 2023 as the first topical gene therapy and the first approved treatment for DEB. However, few providers have experience with use of this gene therapy.
UNASSIGNED: Data was obtained through literature review and the experience of providers who participated in the B-VEC clinical study or initiated treatment after B-VEC approval.
UNASSIGNED: This review discusses the burden of disease, describes the clinical trial outcomes of B-VEC, and provides physician and patient/caregiver recommendations as a practical guide for the real-world use of B-VEC, which can be administered in-office or at the patient\'s home.
UNASSIGNED: By continuing to optimize the practical aspects of B-VEC administration, the focus will continue to shift to patient-centric considerations and improved patient outcomes.

Polyculture practices are important for achieving sustainable aquaculture development. Recently, hard clams polyculture in intensive shrimp ponds has been encouraged because bivalves can consume excess nutrients in aquaculture systems and sequester carbon. To evaluate the bioremediation potential of hard clams polyculture in intensive shrimp ponds, this study built an assessment model based on individual growth models and estimated the potential for nitrogen and phosphorus removal as well as CO2 fixation by hard clams. Firstly, key parameters required for model construction were obtained through field surveys and physiological experiments. Subsequently, an individual growth model for the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria was developed based on the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory. Fitting of the growth data indicated that the model accurately replicated the growth patterns of hard clams, with relative root mean square errors of 9.87 % for shell length and 5.02 % for dry tissue weight. Finally, the assessment model for the bioremediation potential of hard clams demonstrated that, over 110 days in the intensive shrimp mariculture pond, the net removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by hard clams were 3.68 kg ha-1 and 0.81 kg ha-1, respectively, and CO2 fixation was 507.00 kg ha-1. These findings suggested that the DEB model is an effective tool for evaluating bivalve ecological remediation potential and can aid in selecting species for sustainable polyculture.

Trade-offs between current and future reproduction manifest as a set of co-varying life history and metabolic traits, collectively referred to as \'pace of life\' (POL). Seasonal migration modulates environmental dynamics and putatively affects POL, however, the mechanisms by which migratory behaviour shapes POL remain unclear. We explored how migratory behaviour interacts with environmental and metabolic dynamics to shape POL. Using an individual-based model of movement and metabolism, we compared fitness-optimized trade-offs among migration strategies. We found annual experienced seasonality modulated by migratory movements and distance between end-points primarily drove POL differentiation through developmental and migration phenology trade-offs. Similarly, our analysis of empirically estimated metabolic data from 265 bird species suggested seasonal niche tracking and migration distance interact to drive POL. We show multiple viable life-history strategies are conducive to a migratory lifestyle. Overall, our findings suggest metabolism mediates complex interactions between behaviour, environment and life history.

In this study we investigated potential impacts of Cu exposure at low, environmentally relevant, concentrations on early live stages of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Cod embryos and larvae were exposed to 0.5 μg/L (low), 2 μg/L (medium), and 6 μg/L (high) Cu from 4 to 17 days post fertilisation (dpf). Hatching success, mortality, oxygen consumption, biometric traits, and malformations were determined. A dynamic energy budget (DEB) model was applied to identify potential impacts on bioenergetics. A positive correlation was found between Cu exposure concentrations and Cu body burden in eggs, but not in larvae. The tested concentrations did not increase mortality in neither embryos nor larvae, or larvae deformations. Further, the DEB model did not indicate effects of the tested Cu concentrations.

Background: The definition of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) has varied over the years. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder can be considered isolated or idiopathic or can occur in the context of other disorders, including trauma-associated sleep disorder (TSD) and overlap parasomnia. However, whether trauma in RBD carries any prognostic specificity is currently unknown. Study Objectives: To test the hypothesis that RBD secondary to trauma is less likely to result in the development of neurodegeneration compared to idiopathic RBD (iRBD) without trauma in the general population. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 122 consecutive RBD patients (103 males) at two tertiary sleep clinics in Europe between 2005 and 2020 was studied. Patients were diagnosed as having iRBD by video polysomnography (vPSG) and had a semi-structured interview at presentation, including specifically eliciting any history of trauma. Patients with secondary RBD to recognized causes were excluded from the study. Patients with iRBD were categorized into three groups according to reported trauma history: (1) No history of trauma, (2) traumatic experience at least 12 months prior to RBD symptom onset, and (3) traumatic experience within 12 months of RBD symptom onset. Idiopathic RBD duration was defined as the interval between estimated onset of RBD symptoms and last hospital visit or death. Follow-up duration was defined as the interval between iRBD diagnosis and last hospital visit or death. Results: In a follow-up period of up to 18 years, no patient who experienced trauma within 12 months preceding their iRBD diagnosis received a diagnosis of a neurodegenerative disorder (n = 35), whereas 38% of patients without trauma within the 12 months of symptom onset developed a neurodegenerative illness. These patients were also significantly more likely to have a family history of α-synucleinopathy or tauopathy. Conclusions: The development of RBD within 12 months of experiencing a traumatic life event, indistinguishable clinically from iRBD, did not lead to phenoconversion to a neurodegenerative disorder even after 18 years (mean follow up 6 years). We suggest that a sub-type of RBD be established and classified as secondary RBD due to trauma. Additionally, we advocate that a thorough psychological and trauma history be undertaken in all patients presenting with dream enactment behaviors (DEB).

Chemoembolization with irinotecan-loaded microspheres has proven effective in the treatment of unresectable liver metastases in the course of colorectal cancer (CRC). Most researchers recommend slowly administering the embolizate at the level of the lobar arteries, without obtaining visible stasis. However, there are reports of a relationship between postoperative embolizate retention in metastatic lesions and the response to treatment. To retain residual embolizate throughout the entire neoplastic lesion requires a temporary flow stop (stasis) within all supply vessels, which may cause temporary stasis in subsegmental or even segmental vessels.
To assess the risk of complications and post-embolization syndrome severity following chemoembolization of CRC metastatic liver lesions with microspheres loaded with Irinotecan, with regard to hepatic-artery branch level of temporary stasis.
The study included 52 patients (29 female, 23 male) with liver metastases from CRC, who underwent 202 chemoembolization treatments (mean: 3.88 per patient) with microspheres loaded with 100 mg irinotecan. Postembolization syndrome (PES) severity and complication occurrence were assessed with regard to the hepatic-artery branch level of temporary stasis. Adverse events were assessed according to Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events.
Median survival from the start of chemoembolization was 13 months. From 202 chemoembolization sessions, 15 (7.4%) significant complications were found. The study found a significant relationship between the branch level of temporary stasis and the presence of complications (p < 0.001), with the highest number of complications observed with temporary stasis in segmental vessels. PES was diagnosed after 103 (51%) chemoembolization treatments. A significant association was found between PES severity and the branch level of temporary stasis (p < 0.001).
The branch level of temporary stasis affected the severity of post-embolization syndrome. A significant association was found between the branch level of temporary stasis obtained in chemoembolization procedures and the presence of complications. The apparent lack of change in numbers of complications when stasis was applied at tumor supply vessels or subsegmental arteries may indicate the safe use of temporary stasis in some cases where colorectal cancer metastases are treated. Further research is needed to determine the most effective chemoembolization technique.

BACKGROUND: Effective treatment options for nonresectable hepatic carcinoma (HC) in dogs are limited.
OBJECTIVE: Objectives were to report outcomes, complications, and tumor responses via computed tomography (CT) assessment after drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) for nonresectable HC in dogs. The authors hypothesized that major complications would be uncommon and short-term CT assessment would demonstrate stable disease or partial response.
METHODS: Client-owned dogs (n = 16) with nonresectable HC.
METHODS: Prospective, single-arm clinical trial. Drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization was performed to varying levels of blood flow stasis. Computed tomography imaging was compared before and approximately 12 weeks after initial treatment.
RESULTS: Drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization was successfully administered in all attempts. Based on percent change in elliptical tumor volume response (mL), stable disease (8/13; 62%) was the most common outcome followed by partial response (3/13; 23%) and progressive disease (2/13; 15%) with a median of 74 days (range, 39-125) after initial treatment. Median tumor volume (mL) after DEB-TACE decreased in volume by 13% (range, 56% decrease to 77% increase). Mild complications consistent with postembolization syndrome occurred after 7/27 (26%) treatments. Major complications occurred after 3/27 (11%) treatments: hepatic abscess/septicemia (2) and cholecystitis/death (1), resulting in treatment-induced death after 2/27 (7%) treatments. Median survival time after treatment was 337 days (range, 22-1061). Dogs with a presenting complaint of weight loss (P = .02) had a significantly shorter median survival time (126 days; range, 46-337) than those dogs without prior history of weight loss (582 days; range, 22-1061).
CONCLUSIONS: Drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization for nonresectable HC is a feasible procedure, which promoted stable disease or partial response in 85% of dogs in this study sample.

1,2-Diacetylbenzene (DAB) is a metabolite of 1,2-diethylbenzene, which is commonly used in the manufacture of plastics and gasoline. We examined the neurotoxic effects of DAB in young and old rats, particularly its effects on hippocampus. Previously, we reported DAB impairs hippocampal neurogenesis but that the underlying mechanism remained unclear. In this study, we evaluate the toxicities exhibited by DAB in the hippocampi of 6-month-old (young) and 20-month-old (old) male SD rats by treating animals intraperitoneally with DAB at 3 mg/kg/day for 1 week. Hippocampal areas were dissected from brains and RNA was extracted and subjected to RNA-seq analysis. RNA results showed animals exhibited age-dependent sensitivity to the neurotoxic effects of DAB. We observed that inflammatory pathways were up-regulated in old rats but that metabolism- and detoxification-related pathways were up-regulated in young rats. This result in old rats, especially upregulation of the TREM1 signaling pathway (an inflammatory response involved in Alzheimer\'s disease (AD)) was confirmed by RT-PCR. Our study results provide a better understanding of age-dependent responses to DAB and new insight into the association between DAB and AD.