抗肿瘤药物不能被污水处理厂有效去除,最终进入地表水。由于这些药物会干扰DNA的结构和功能,它们对水生生物群构成潜在威胁。不幸的是,许多化学治疗剂尚未在环境背景下进行研究。此外,与淡水物种相比,缺乏有关抗癌药物对海洋生物影响的信息,大多数研究只关注单一化合物的毒性,而不是考虑它们在环境中是复杂的混合物。因此,这项研究的目的是评估两种常用的细胞抑制剂的生态毒性,博莱霉素和长春新碱,朝向六个生物模型:Pseudokirchneriellasubcapitata,三角指藻,Brachionusplicatilis,花锥臂尾轮虫,颈脑,和法国卤虫.这些选定的水生生物是淡水和海洋环境的代表,属于不同的营养级。单独和组合研究药物。根据反应加性和独立作用模型进行二元混合物毒性预测。此外,从这些实验中获得的毒性数据被用于药物环境发生的风险评估。结果表明,淡水物种通常比海洋生物对两种测试化合物更敏感,而鸭舌草是最敏感的.根据在这个生物模型上进行的测试,博来霉素被归类为剧毒,而长春新碱被认为是中等毒性的。两种应用的模型都不能适当地预测二元混合物的毒性,由于药物组合显示出添加剂,协同,和拮抗作用,表明单一化合物的毒性数据不足以预测细胞抑制剂混合物的水生毒性。长春新碱的环境风险从低到高,博来霉素从中等到高不等,取决于所检查的矩阵。因此,建议进一步研究药物去除。
Antineoplastic drugs are not effectively removed by wastewater treatment plants, ending up in surface waters. Since these drugs can interfere with the structure and functions of DNA, they pose a potential threat to aquatic biota. Unfortunately, many chemotherapeutic agents have not been studied in an environmental context. Additionally, there is a significant lack of information about the impact of anticancer drugs on marine organisms compared to freshwater species, and most studies only focus on the toxicity of single compounds rather than considering their occurrence as complex mixtures in the environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ecotoxicity of two commonly used cytostatics, bleomycin and vincristine, toward six biomodels: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Brachionus plicatilis, Brachionus calyciflorus, Thamnocephalus platyurus, and Artemia franciscana. These selected aquatic organisms are representatives of both freshwater and marine environments and belong to different trophic levels. The pharmaceuticals were investigated both individually and in combination. Binary mixture toxicity predictions were performed according to the Response Additivity and Independent Action models. Additionally, the toxicity data obtained from these experiments were utilized for risk assessment in the context of the drugs\' environmental occurrence. The results indicated that freshwater species were generally more sensitive to both tested compounds than marine organisms, with T. platyurus being the most sensitive. Based on the tests performed on this biomodel, bleomycin was categorized as extremely toxic, while vincristine was considered moderately toxic. Neither of the applied models suitably predicted binary mixture toxicity, as the combination of drugs showed additive, synergistic, and antagonistic effects, suggesting that single compound toxicity data are insufficient for predicting the aquatic toxicities of cytostatics mixtures. The environmental risk of vincristine ranged from low to high, and for bleomycin varied from moderate to high, depending on the matrices examined. Therefore, further research on drug removal is recommended.