点击化学广泛用于1,4-二取代-1,2,3-三唑的有效合成,在药物科学中具有广泛生物活性的众所周知的支架。近年来,这个神奇的戒指吸引了科学家的注意,因为它在设计和合成新的抗真菌药物方面的潜力。尽管科学和医学取得了进步,真菌感染仍然占全球每年超过150万例死亡,尤其是免疫功能受损的人。这种增加的趋势肯定与真菌感染的发生率和抗真菌药物耐药性的流行有关。在这种情况下,迫切需要新的替代抗真菌药是不可否认的。通过关注点击化学中反应条件的主要方面,本综述旨在根据抗真菌1,4-二取代-1,2,3-三唑杂种的化学结构对其进行分类,并介绍最有效的三唑抗真菌衍生物。值得注意的是,在所有研究的反应中,通过还原Cu(II)盐或直接使用的铜(I)盐原位产生的Cu(I)催化剂,以及t-BuOH/H2O和DMF/H2O的混合溶剂在三唑环的合成中应用最广泛。在含有1,2,3-三唑部分的氟康唑类似物和具有1,2,3-三唑环的苯并稠合五/六元杂环缀合物中也观察到最有效的抗真菌活性。甚至比氟康唑活性更好。铜催化叠氮-炔环加成(CuAAC)合成的抗真菌衍生物的结构-活性关系和分子对接的发现可以为药物化学科学家设计和合成具有更有效生物活性的新型三唑类抗真菌剂提供有价值的数据。
Click chemistry is widely used for the efficient synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole, a well-known scaffold with widespread biological activity in the pharmaceutical sciences. In recent years, this magic ring has attracted the attention of scientists for its potential in designing and synthesizing new antifungal agents. Despite scientific and medical advances, fungal infections still account for more than 1.5 million deaths globally per year, especially in people with compromised immune function. This increasing trend is definitely related to a raise in the incidence of fungal infections and prevalence of antifungal drug resistance. In this condition, an urgent need for new alternative antifungals is undeniable. By focusing on the main aspects of reaction conditions in click chemistry, this review was conducted to classify antifungal 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole hybrids based on their chemical structures and introduce the most effective triazole antifungal derivatives. It was notable that in all reactions studied, Cu(I) catalysts generated in situ by the reduction in Cu(II) salts or used copper(I) salts directly, as well as mixed solvents of t-BuOH/H2O and DMF/H2O had most application in the synthesis of triazole ring. The most effective antifungal activity was also observed in fluconazole analogs containing 1,2,3-triazole moiety and benzo-fused five/six-membered heterocyclic conjugates with a 1,2,3-triazole ring, even with better activity than fluconazole. The findings of structure-activity relationship and molecular docking of antifungal derivatives synthesized with copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) could offer medicinal chemistry scientists valuable data on designing and synthesizing novel triazole antifungals with more potent biological activities in their future research.