■有脑震荡史的运动员下肢肌肉骨骼损伤的风险更大。女运动员可能面临更大的风险。以前的着陆生物力学研究脑震荡后集中在下肢,但是躯干作为伤害风险因素起着至关重要的作用。
■比较有和没有脑震荡史的女运动员在跳跃着陆和切割动作过程中的下肢和躯干生物力学。
■横截面。
■生物力学实验室。
■我们的研究包括26名运动员(年龄:19.0±1.3岁,BMI:22.6±2.0kg/m2,自最近一次脑震荡以来的时间:中位数=37.5个月[四分位距(25.0,65.8)]),和38名运动员没有(年龄:19.0±1.1岁,BMI:22.1±1.8kg/m2)脑震荡史。
■峰值动力学(垂直地面反作用力,垂直加载速率,膝关节外展力矩,膝关节外屈曲力矩)和运动学(躯干屈曲角度,躯干横向弯曲角度,背屈角度,膝关节屈曲角度,膝关节外展角度,髋关节屈曲角度)在任务的偏心部分获得。单独进行2(组)×2(肢体)组间协方差分析,比较组间结果。自从最近一次脑震荡和有肌肉骨骼损伤史的肢体以来,我们一直在变化时间。
■有脑震荡史的运动员与他们的优势肢体相比显示更大的非优势膝关节外展角度(p=0.010,np2=0.107)和没有脑震荡史的运动员非优势肢体(p=0.023,np2=0.083)。与没有脑震荡史的运动员相比,有脑震荡史的运动员在切割过程中表现出较少的躯干侧向弯曲(p=0.005,np2=0.126)。
■我们的结果表明,有和没有脑震荡史的女运动员之间的着陆生物力学是不同的。这可能是由于脑震荡后神经肌肉控制受损,最终可能增加随后下肢损伤的风险,尽管鉴于我们研究的横断面性质,需要进一步的研究.
BACKGROUND: Athletes with a history of concussion are at a greater risk for lower extremity musculoskeletal injury. Female athletes may be at an even greater risk than male athletes. Previous researchers on postconcussion landing biomechanics have focused on the lower extremities, but the trunk plays a crucial role as an injury risk factor.
OBJECTIVE: To compare lower extremity and trunk biomechanics during jump-landing and cutting maneuvers between female athletes with and those without a concussion history.
METHODS: Cross-sectional study.
METHODS: Biomechanics laboratory.
METHODS: A total of 26 athletes (mean ± SD age = 19.0 ± 1.3 years, height = 1.68 ± 0.07 m, mass = 64.02 ± 6.76 kg, body mass index = 22.58 ± 1.97 kg/m2; median [interquartile range] time since most recent concussion = 37.5 months [25.0 months, 65.8 months]) with a concussion history and 38 athletes (age = 19.0 ± 1.1 years, height = 1.71 ± 0.08 m, mass = 64.72 ± 9.45 kg, body mass index = 22.14 ± 1.80 kg/m2) without a concussion history.
METHODS: Peak kinetics (vertical ground reaction force, vertical loading rate, external knee-abduction moment, and external knee-flexion moment) and kinematics (trunk-flexion angle, trunk lateral-bending angle, ankle-dorsiflexion angle, knee-flexion angle, knee-abduction angle, and hip-flexion angle) were obtained during the eccentric portion of jump-landing and cutting tasks. Separate 2 (group) × 2 (limb) between- and within-factors analyses of covariance were used to compare outcomes between groups. We covaried for time since the most recent concussion and the limb that had a history of musculoskeletal injury.
RESULTS: Athletes with a concussion history displayed a greater peak knee-abduction angle in their nondominant limb than their dominant limb (P = .01, ηp2 = 0.107) and the nondominant limb of athletes without a concussion history (P = .02, ηp2 = 0.083) during jump landing. They also had less trunk lateral bending during cutting compared with athletes without a concussion history (P = .005, ηp2 = 0.126).
CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated landing biomechanics are different between female athletes with and those without a concussion history. This finding may be due to impairments in neuromuscular control postconcussion that may ultimately increase the risk of subsequent lower extremity injury, although further research is warranted given the cross-sectional nature of our study.