目的:本研究的目的是探讨肯尼亚农村地区女性乳腺癌症状出现时间的决定因素。
方法:一项关键的人种学研究。
方法:在2019年7月至2020年4月期间,使用半结构化访谈和焦点小组收集了12名女性和23名披露接受者的数据,分别。访谈和焦点小组讨论被录音,逐字转录,翻译成英语并进行了主题分析。使用交叉透镜的进一步分析增加了对数据的新见解。在肯尼亚和英国都获得了伦理批准。
结果:参与者讲述了他们从自我发现乳腺癌症状到第一次接触医疗保健专业人员的经历。确定的核心主题包括当地癌症知识,体现的经验,女人的回答,社交网络,文化癌症图谋,性别化的社会结构和医疗保健系统经验。
结论:研究结果表明,有症状的女性在及时出现时主要面临多重交叉障碍。确定了及时呈现乳腺癌症状女性的关键驱动因素。几个近端和远端决定因素,包括经济,社会,心理和文化决定因素交织在一起,塑造了女性对症状表现的及时性。
结论:本研究确定了具有乳腺癌症状的女性及时症状表现的交叉结构决定因素。这些发现对女性乳腺癌的社会不平等具有全球健康意义,并可能为交叉干预措施的发展提供信息,以促进及时的症状表现。此外,这项研究确定了一个额外的间隔,如果未来的研究验证该间期,则可能需要前兆间期和治疗途径模型的修订。
■为了确保面试指南具有文化敏感性,它们是与一位女性乳腺癌幸存者共同设计的,为妇女提供生殖保健的护士和双语专家。妇女和披露接受者都参与了面试的安排,包括双方都同意的日子和时间。在数据分析和报告撰写过程中经常联系参与者,以澄清某些单词或数据的含义。
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to explore the determinants of time to presentation of women with breast cancer symptoms within a rural setting in Kenya.
METHODS: A critical ethnographic study.
METHODS: Data were collected between July 2019 and April 2020 using semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 12 women and 23 disclosure recipients, respectively. Interviews and focus group discussions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated into English and thematically analysed. Further analysis using an intersectional lens added new insights into the data. Ethics approval was obtained in both Kenya and United Kingdom.
RESULTS: Participants narrated their experiences from the time they self-discovered breast cancer symptoms to the time they first came into contact with a healthcare professional. The core themes identified included local cancer knowledge, embodied experience, women\'s responses, social networks, cultural cancer schemas, gendered social structures and healthcare system experiences.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings revealed that symptomatic women predominantly faced multiple intersecting barriers to timely presentation. The key drivers of timeliness to presentation of women with breast cancer symptoms were identified. Several proximal and distal determinants, including economic, social, psychological and cultural determinants intersected to shape women\'s timeliness to symptomatic presentation.
CONCLUSIONS: This study identified intersectional structural determinants to timely symptomatic presentation of women with breast cancer symptoms. The findings have global health implications for social inequalities in female breast cancer and may inform the development of intersectional interventions to promote timely symptomatic presentation. Furthermore, this study identified an additional interval, precursory interval and revision of the Model of pathway to treatment may be needed should this interval be validated by future studies.
UNASSIGNED: To ensure the interview guides were culturally sensitive, they were co-designed with a female breast cancer survivor, nurses providing reproductive health care to women and a bilingual expert. Both women and disclosure recipients participated in scheduling for the interviews, including the mutually agreeable days and time. Participants were frequently contacted during data analysis and report writing to clarify meaning of certain words or pieces of data.