目的:大黄蜂是各种蔬菜授粉的重要昆虫群,水果,油籽,豆类,和饲料作物。与蜜蜂相比,他们有更多的主机选择和更长的飞行时间。这些蜜蜂特别用于温室中的植物授粉,并且为此目的在商业上生产。最近,由于病原体等各种原因,大黄蜂种群的数量严重减少,有些物种甚至面临灭绝的威胁。由于全球传粉昆虫的减少,确定大黄蜂病原体的分布和流行非常重要。因此,本研究旨在确定土耳其大黄蜂种群中病原体的发病率和患病率,以及每种病原体在大黄蜂样本中的含量.
方法:总共172个Bombusterrestris(Linnaeus,1758)样品(21个来自商业企业的样品,从3个省(安塔利亚,梅尔辛和伊兹密尔)在土耳其密集进行温室种植。这些样本中有89个是在春季收集的,而83个是在秋季收集的。四种病原体的存在(Nosemabombi,CristidiaBombi,ApicystisBombi,和Locustacarusbuchneri)通过使用通用引物进行PCR研究。
结果:Nosemabombi的总体患病率,CristidiaBombi,ApicystisBombi,ocustacarusbuchneri被确定为7.55%,9.3%,11.62%,和4.65%,分别。仅在野生捕获(自然)样品中检测到共感染(5.81%)。在春季样本中检测到C.bombi和A.bombi感染的发生率高于秋季样本(p<0.05)。关于N.bombi和L.buchneri的存在,春季和秋季样品之间没有显着差异(p>0.05)。
结论:获得的结果对于确定土耳其大黄蜂疾病的患病率和传播率以及确定适当的保护措施可能很重要。收集到的信息应该增加我们对土耳其存在这些病原体的了解,并可能有助于改善专家的实践。需要更多的研究来确定这些病原体在人群之间的传播途径。此外,未来应考虑大黄蜂种群中复杂的病原体相互作用,以改善大黄蜂的健康。
OBJECTIVE: Bumblebees are an important group of insects in the pollination of various vegetables, fruits, oilseeds, legumes, and the fodder crops. Compared to honeybees, they have a wider choice of hosts and a longer flight period. These bees are used especially for the pollination of plants in greenhouses and are commercially produced for this purpose. Recently, serious decreases have been occurring in bumblebee populations due to various reasons such as pathogens, and some of species are even threatened with extinction. Due to the worldwide decline in pollinator insects, determining the distribution and prevalence of bumblebee pathogens is of great importance. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the incidence and prevalence of pathogens in Turkish bumblebee populations and how much of each pathogen was in bumblebee samples.
METHODS: A total of 172 Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus,1758) samples (21 samples from commercial enterprises, 79 samples from greenhouses and 72 samples from nature) were randomly collected from 3 provinces (Antalya, Mersin and İzmir) where greenhouse cultivation is intensively carried out in Turkey. Eighty-nine of these samples were collected in the spring and eighty-three in the autumn. The presence of four pathogens (Nosema bombi,
Crithidia bombi, Apicystis bombi, and Locustacarus buchneri) was investigated by PCR using universal primers.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of Nosema bombi,
Crithidia bombi, Apicystis bombi, and Locustacarus buchneri was determined as 7.55%, 9.3%, 11.62%, and 4.65%, respectively. Co-infections (5.81%) were only detected in wild-caught (nature) samples. C. bombi and A. bombi infections were detected at higher rates in the spring samples than in the autumn samples (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the spring and autumn samples with respect to the presence of N. bombi and L. buchneri (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained could be important in determining the prevalence and spread rates of the bumblebee diseases in Turkey and to determine appropriate protection measures. The information gathered should increase our knowledge about the presence of these pathogens in Turkey and could contribute to improve apiarist\'s practice. More studies are needed to determine the transmission pathways of these pathogens between the populations. Also, complex pathogen interactions in bumblebee populations should be considered in the future to improve bumblebee health.