自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种神经发育状况,其特征是在沟通模式上存在明显差异,互惠的社会互动,限制,刻板印象,重复的兴趣和活动。ASD中的各种行为问题,当伴随着共存的精神病理学时,有时会导致法律问题。在这项研究中,在2018年至2022年的5年期间,在精神病观察的专业部门中,就ASD的刑事责任提出意见的案件,精神病病例住院并在法医学委员会(CFM)中观察,这是蒂尔基耶的官方专家机构,进行回顾性评估。降低或取消刑事责任的组的平均年龄为22.9岁(±7.52),平均智商为76.63±18.94。这个群体中最常见的犯罪是故意伤害(5/11),值得注意的是,这些罪行的受害者通常是ASD患者的亲属(5/6)。自闭症患者的犯罪行为通常是单一运动,自发的,计划外,冲动行为。此外,尽管高功能ASD(HF-ASD)患者的认知感知没有问题,由于情感意识的缺陷,可能会出现各种法医情况。当我们看看蒂尔基耶的CFM实践时,可以看出,在ASD的诊断明确且可能与犯罪有关的情况下,刑事责任通常被完全消除。在HF-ASD类型中,尽管与犯罪有关很重要,人们看到刑事责任普遍减少。
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by marked differences in communication patterns, reciprocal social interactions, and restricted, stereotyped, and repetitive interests and activities. Various behavioral problems in ASD, more so when accompanied by coexisting psychopathology, can sometimes lead to legal problems. In this study, the cases in which an opinion was requested in terms of criminal responsibility with the diagnosis of ASD in the 5-year period between 2018 and 2022 in the expertise department of psychiatric observation, where psychiatric cases were hospitalized and observed in the Council of Forensic Medicine (CFM), which is the official expert institution in Türkiye, were retrospectively evaluated. The mean age of the group whose criminal responsibility was reduced or removed was 22.9 years (±7.52) and the mean IQ score was 76.63 ± 18.94. The most common crime in this group was intentional injury (5/11), and it is noteworthy that the victims of these crimes were usually relatives of people with ASD (5/6). The criminal acts of people with ASD are usually single-movement, spontaneous, unplanned, impulsive acts. In addition, although there is no problem in cognitive perception in people with high functioning ASD (HF-ASD), various forensic situations may arise due to defects in emotional awareness. When we look at the practices of the CFM in Türkiye, it is seen that in cases where the diagnosis of ASD is clear and can be associated with the crime, criminal responsibility is usually completely eliminated. In HF-ASD types, although it is important to be associated with the crime, it is seen that criminal responsibility is generally reduced.