在过去的二十年里,拉丁美洲监狱人口的增长速度超过了全球其他任何地方。在任何给定时间达到170万人。然而,关于拉丁美洲监狱心理健康预防和治疗干预措施的研究仍然很少。
■本研究旨在系统回顾和综合该地区对监狱心理健康干预措施的研究。
■我们使用了由JBI证据综合手册指导的两阶段范围审查设计。2021年12月,在9个数据库中使用描述符和同义词进行了搜索。首先,拉丁美洲的所有监狱心理健康研究都被保留。其次,使用标题和摘要筛选,所有可能与干预措施相关的研究均保留用于全文评估.报告干预措施的研究按国家进行了评估,语言,机构,人口,干预类型,干预重点和结果。
■N=34项研究纳入本综述。这是13例病例报告,7篇专家共识论文和14项定量研究(4项随机对照试验,九项队列研究,一项准实验研究)。14项干预措施旨在促进亲社会行为,七项研究旨在改善心理健康和治疗药物使用障碍。六项研究涉及性侵犯行为的治疗,3侧重于减少犯罪累犯。心理教育(n=12)和动机性访谈(n=5)是最常见的干预类型。来自试验的有希望的数据表明愤怒管理,抑郁症,药物使用和再犯罪可以通过干预措施成功解决。
■在拉丁美洲监狱中的心理健康干预措施的实施和有效性研究很少。解决心理健康问题,在未来的研究中应考虑物质使用和亲社会行为结果。描述可量化结果的对照试验特别缺乏。
UNASSIGNED: The Latin American prison population has grown faster than anywhere else globally over the past two decades, reaching a total of 1.7 million people at any given time. However, research on mental health prevention and treatment interventions in Latin American prisons remains scarce.
UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to systematically review and synthesize research on prison mental health interventions conducted in the region.
UNASSIGNED: We used a two-stage scoping review design guided by the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Searches took place in December 2021 in nine databases using descriptors and synonyms. First, all prison mental health research in Latin America was retained. Secondly, using title and abstract screening, all research possibly related to interventions was retained for full text evaluation. Studies reporting interventions were assessed by country, language, institution, population, intervention type, intervention focus and outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: N = 34 studies were included in this review. These were 13 case reports, seven expert consensus papers and 14 quantitative studies (four randomized controlled trials, nine cohort studies, one quasi-experimental study). Fourteen interventions were targeted at promoting prosocial behavior, seven studies each aimed to improve mental health and to treat substance use disorders. Six studies involved the treatment of sexual offending behavior, and 3 focused on reducing
criminal recidivism. Psychoeducation (n = 12) and motivational interviewing (n = 5) were the most frequent intervention types studied. Promising data from trials showed that anger management, depression, substance use and reoffending could be successfully addressed through interventions.
UNASSIGNED: Implementation and effectiveness research of mental health interventions in Latin American prisons is scarce. Addressing mental health, substance use and prosocial behavior outcomes should be considered in future research. There is a particular dearth of controlled trials describing quantifiable outcomes.