Corporate carbon performance is a key driver of achieving corporate sustainability. The identification of factors that influence corporate carbon emissions is fundamental to promoting carbon performance. Based on the carbon disclosure project (CDP) database, we integrate the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model and the fixed effects model to identify the determinants of carbon emissions. Furthermore, we rank determining factors according to their importance. We find that Capx enters the models under all carbon contexts. For Scope 1 and Scope 2, financial-level factors play a greater role. For Scope 3, corporate internal incentive policies and emission reduction behaviors are important. Different from absolute carbon emissions, for relative carbon emissions, the financial-level factors\' debt-paying ability is a vital reference indicator for the impact of corporate carbon emissions.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is becoming increasingly important in the field of corporate sustainability. However, little literature has focused on the relationship between CSR and corporate carbon emissions in developing countries. This paper aims to fill this gap by exploring the relationship between CSR and corporate carbon intensity from the perspective of financing constraints. We examine the mediating effects of financing constraints using a mediating effects model by using Chinese listed companies data from 2011 to 2019. The analysis results of this paper are as follows: (1) CSR can reduce corporate carbon intensity. (2) Financing constraints have a positive mediating role between the two. Namely, CSR can reduce the financing difficulties of enterprises, and enhance carbon-neutral capacity. (3) The carbon emission reduction effect of CSR is different in different life cycles. (4) CSR has a greater impact on the carbon intensity of state-owned enterprises, high-tech enterprises, and heavy polluting enterprises. These facts provide meaningful references for developing countries such as China to promote CSR and carbon governance.

Low-carbon transformation has become a key priority in China, as demonstrated in the implementation of the Carbon Peak, Carbon Neutralization policy, leading to increasing concern of environmental performance at the corporate level. This paper measures the carbon emission of 1,089 Chinese companies through the EIO-LCA-based approach. Then we examine the impacts of international crude oil price fluctuations and the corporate development level on carbon emissions of individual companies. Our results indicate that an increase in international crude oil price uncertainty could inhibit the company\'s carbon emission. In parallel, we find that there might exist an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) inverted U-shaped correlation between the company\'s development level and its environmental performance. However, some exceptions to corporate carbon performance may emerge, resulting from specific corporate characteristics such as the state-owned nature and whether the firm is listed on the stock exchange. Our results could help companies optimize their internal carbon emission structure during the low-carbon transition process and contribute to effective policy regulations towards the target of carbon reduction.