冠状病毒(CoV)是引起人类普通感冒的主要病毒之一。严重急性呼吸道综合症冠状病毒-2(SARS-CoV-2)是一种来自蝙蝠冠状病毒的高风险人类病原体,尽管其他几种动物作为CoV宿主,导致人类感染。随着人类活动区域的扩大,以前只在动物中流行的病毒变异并对人类构成威胁,导致全球流行病。因此,控制动物中的CoV感染对于预防CoV相关的人类感染至关重要。据报道,猫冠状病毒(FCoV)可以用作SARS-CoV-2的替代模型。传统上,蘑菇不仅是食物,而且还可以预防疾病。重要的是,某些食用和药用蘑菇对呼吸道病原体具有抗菌和抗病毒作用;因此,它们可以作为潜在的冠状病毒治疗剂进行测试。在这项研究中,我们调查了具有各种生理活性的野生森林蘑菇是否可以表现出对CoV的抗病毒活性,使用FCoV作为SARS-CoV-2模型感染CrandellRees猫肾细胞。我们测量了11种野生蘑菇的抗病毒活性,我们的结果表明平菇和黄体显示出最高的抗病毒功效,为55.33%,其次是口蹄疫,占43.77%。灰树花,羊肚菌,沙棘表现出29.21%的轻度疗效。我们还测试了天牛,Marasmiussiccus,PachymaHoelen,红斑阴茎,和Sparassislatifolia,但在他们的病例中没有检测到任何抗病毒活性。我们的研究证实,野生森林蘑菇可以用作潜在的功能性食品或抗冠状病毒的药理材料。
Coronaviruses (CoV) are among the major viruses that cause common cold in humans. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a high-risk human pathogen that derived from bat coronaviruses, although several other animals serve as CoV hosts, contributing to human infection. As the human activity area expanded, viruses previously prevalent only in animals mutated and became threats to humans as well, leading to worldwide epidemics. Therefore, controlling CoV infections in animals is essential to prevent CoV-related human infections. Feline coronavirus (FCoV) could be reportedly used as an alternative model for SARS-CoV-2. Traditionally, mushrooms are not only foods but are also consumed to prevent diseases. Importantly, certain edible and medicinal mushrooms display antibacterial and antiviral effects against respiratory pathogens; therefore, they could be tested as potential coronavirus treatment agents. In this study, we investigated if wild forest mushrooms with various reported physiological activities could exhibit an antiviral activity against CoV, using FCoV as a SARS-CoV-2 model infecting Crandell Rees feline kidney cells. We measured the antiviral activity of 11 wild mushrooms overall and our results demonstrated that Pleurotus ostreatus and Phallus luteus displayed the highest antiviral efficacy of 55.33%, followed by Tricholoma bakamatsutake at 43.77%. Grifola frondosa, Morchella esculenta, and Sarcodon imbricatus exhibited mild efficacy of 29.21%. We also tested Amanita caesareoides, Marasmius siccus, Pachyma hoelen, Phallus rubrovolvata, and Sparassis latifolia but could not detect any antiviral activity in their case. Our study confirms that wild forest mushrooms could be used as potential functional foods or pharmacological materials against coronavirus.