背景:冬虫夏草(CS)是一种寄生于鳞翅目幼虫的真菌,常用于治疗肺部疾病和调节免疫功能。
目的:本综述旨在评估CS辅助治疗肺癌的疗效。
方法:截至2022年6月,电子数据库搜索在PubMed进行,EMBASE,科克伦图书馆,中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM),中国国家知识基础设施(CNKI),万方数据库和中国科学杂志数据库(VIP数据库)。包括评估CS作为肺癌辅助治疗功效的随机临床试验(RCT)。经过质量评价,采用Stata16.0软件进行Meta分析。
结果:本次荟萃分析共确定了12个RCT,928例患者,这表明作为一种辅助治疗,CS在肺癌治疗中具有以下优势:(1)改善肿瘤反应率(TRR)(RR:1.17,95CI:1.05-1.29,P=0.00);(2)改善免疫功能,包括增加的CD4(MD:4.98,95CI:1.49-8.47,P=0.01),CD8(MD:1.60,95CI:0.40-2.81,P=0.01,I2=0.00%),NK(MD:4.17,95CI:2.26-6.08,P=0.00),IgA(MD:1.29,95CI:0.35-2.24,P=0.01),IgG(MD:3.95,95CI:0.98-6.92,P=0.01)和IgM(MD:6.44,95CI:0.63-12.26,P=0.03);(3)根据Karnofsky表现状态(KPS)的平均值±SD(MD:8.20,95CI:6.87-9.53,P=0.00)改善了患者的生活质量;(4)减少了药物不良反应的发生率(ADR)包括骨髓抑制的发生率(RR:0.38,95CI:0.19-0.75,P=0.01),白细胞减少症(RR:0.76,95CI:0.63-0.92,P=0.00),和血小板减少(RR:0.52,95CI:0.31-0.86,P=0.01)(5)降低了放射性肺炎的发生率(RR:0.74,95CI:0.62-0.88,P=0.00)。然而,基于KPS的改善患者数量(RR:1.47,95CI:0.98-2.20,P=0.06)在两组之间相似,肝肾损害(RR:0.32,95CI:0.09~1.10,P=0.07)和胃肠道不良反应(RR:0.80,95CI:0.47~1.37,P=0.42)。亚组分析显示,CS在6g/d和21天/3-4个周期的治疗中可以增加TRR。
结论:与常规治疗相比,肺癌CS辅助治疗不仅能提高TRR,QOL和免疫功能,还能降低ADR和放射性肺炎的发生率。最佳使用可以是6g/d和21天/3至4个周期。
■CRD42022333681。
BACKGROUND: Cordyceps sinensis (CS) is a fungus parasitic on lepidopteran larvae which is often used to treat lung diseases and regulate immune function.
OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CS in the adjuvant treatment of lung cancer.
METHODS: As of June 2022, the electronic database search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database and China Science Journal Database (VIP database). Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy of CS as an adjuvant treatment for lung cancer were included. After the quality evaluation, meta-analysis was performed with Stata 16.0 software.
RESULTS: A total of 12 RCTs with 928 patients were identified for this meta-analysis, which showed that as an adjuvant treatment, CS has the following advantages in the treatment of lung cancer: (1) Improved tumor response rate (TRR) (RR: 1.17, 95%CI: 1.05-1.29,P = 0.00); (2) improved immune function, including increased CD4 (MD: 4.98, 95%CI: 1.49-8.47, P = 0.01), CD8 (MD: 1.60, 95%CI: 0.40-2.81, P = 0.01, I2 = 0.00%), NK (MD: 4.17, 95%CI: 2.26-6.08, P = 0.00), IgA (MD: 1.29, 95%CI: 0.35-2.24, P = 0.01), IgG (MD: 3.95, 95%CI: 0.98-6.92, P = 0.01) and IgM (MD: 6.44, 95%CI: 0.63-12.26, P = 0.03); (3) improved patients\' quality of life based on the mean ± SD of Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) (MD: 8.20, 95%CI: 6.87-9.53, P = 0.00); (4) reduced the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including the incidence of myelosuppression (RR: 0.38, 95%CI: 0.19-0.75, P = 0.01), leukopenia (RR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.63-0.92, P = 0.00), and thrombocytopenia (RR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.31-0.86, P = 0.01) (5) reduced the incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RR: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.62-0.88, P = 0.00). However, the number of improved patients based on KPS (RR: 1.47, 95%CI: 0.98-2.20, P = 0.06) were similar between two groups, liver and renal damage (RR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.09-1.10, P = 0.07) and gastrointestinal adverse reactions (RR: 0.80, 95%CI: 0.47-1.37, P = 0.42) as well. Subgroup analysis showed that CS could increase the TRR in the treatment with 6 g/d and 21 days/3-4 cycles.
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with conventional treatment, adjuvant treatment with CS of lung cancer not only improve TRR, QOL and immune function, but also reduce the incidence of ADRs and radiation pneumonitis. The optimal usage may be 6 g/d and 21 days/3 to 4 cycles.
UNASSIGNED: CRD42022333681.