Copper sulphate

硫酸铜
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    昆虫细胞系在许多生物学领域都有应用,但是它们作为体外生态毒性测试工具的应用却很少受到关注。我们的研究旨在证明Sf21细胞对常用杀菌剂:丙环唑和CuSO4以及工业溶剂二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的实用性和敏感性。Sf21细胞易于在3-4天内从冷冻的原种中培养,并显示出可用作无脊椎动物的体外急性毒性测试。数据显示了针对丙环唑和CuSO4的细胞生存能力的阈值水平。EC50值分别为135.1μM和3.31mM。丙环唑的LOAEL(最低观察到的不良反应水平)约为1μM,CuSO4约为10μM。在含有溶剂DMSO的培养基中培养Sf21细胞显示0.5%DMSO浓度不影响细胞活力。Sf21细胞是敏感的,可用作急性毒性测试的强大的生态相关筛选工具。
    Insect cell lines are finding utility in many areas of biology, but their application as an in vitro tool for ecotoxicity testing has been given less attention. Our study aimed to demonstrate the utility and sensitivity of Sf21 cells to commonly used fungicides: Propiconazole and CuSO4, as well as dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) an industrial solvent. Sf21 cells were readily cultured from frozen stocks in 3-4 days and showed utility as an invertebrate in vitro acute toxicity test. The data showed the threshold levels of cell survivability against propiconazole and CuSO4. The EC50 values were 135.1 μM and 3.31 mM respectively. The LOAEL (lowest observed adverse effect level) was ≈ 1 μM for propiconazole and ≈ 10 μM for CuSO4. Culturing of Sf21 cells in media containing the solvent DMSO showed that 0.5% DMSO concentration did not effect cell viability. Sf21 cells are sensitive and useful as a robust ecologically relevant screening tool for acute toxicity testing.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    全世界每天都在产生大量的水果废物。从果皮废料中绿色合成金属纳米颗粒可以是一种创新,成本效益高,和生态友好的替代传统方法。使用菠萝皮提取物(PLX)和五水硫酸铜通过绿色方法合成了铜纳米颗粒(CuNPs)。CuNP的形成通过UV-可见光谱进行视觉鉴定和检测。通过傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱对CuNPs进行表征,粒度分析仪,扫描电子显微镜(SEM),和X射线衍射(XRD)。CuNPs的抗氧化和还原能力通过%DPPH清除和基于电子转移的三价铁还原抗氧化能力(FRAP)测定法进行,分别。在革兰氏阳性,和革兰氏阴性菌.结果表明,CuNPs呈球形,平均粒径为290.5nm。发现纳米颗粒的ζ电位为-12.3mV,表明在胶体状态下的不稳定性。FTIR研究证实了PLX中存在的植物化学物质的峰和支持使用菠萝皮作为稳定的纳米颗粒,还原剂和封端剂。DPPH和还原能力测定均描述合成的CuNP具有显著的抗氧化活性。然而,合成的CuNPs对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性测试生物均具有很强的抑制能力。因此,CuNPS可用于保存水果,鲜花,和细菌污染的蔬菜。
    A considerable amount of fruit waste is being produced every day worldwide. The green synthesis of metal nanoparticles from fruit peel waste can be an innovative, cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternative to traditional methods. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized by a green method using the pineapple peels extract (PLX) and copper sulfate pentahydrate. The formation of CuNPs was visually identified and detected by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The CuNPs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The antioxidant and reducing power of CuNPs were conducted by %DPPH scavenging and electron transfer-based ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, respectively. The antibacterial properties of CuNPs were determined in gram-positive, and gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that the CuNPs were spherical in shape with mean particle size 290.5 nm. The zeta potential of the nanoparticles was found to be - 12.3 mV indicating the instability in the colloidal state. The FTIR study confirmed the peaks of phytochemicals present in the PLX and the nanoparticles supporting the use of pineapple peels as stabilizing, reducing and capping agents. Both the DPPH and reducing power assay depicted that the synthesized CuNPs had significant antioxidant activity. However, the synthesized CuNPs had strong inhibitory capacity against both gram-positive and gram-negative test organisms. Thus, the CuNPS could be used for its viable antibacterial potential to preserve fruits, flowers, and vegetables from bacterial contamination.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    本文介绍了一种获得乙酰苯胺和铜离子改性的聚酰胺6纤维的简单方法。在施加添加剂的纤维纺丝过程中,CuSO4部分还原为Cu2+和Cu+离子,观察到所制备的聚酰胺颗粒的蓝色变化为所形成的纤维的灰棕色。由于盐减少而获得的CuMPs应赋予所获得的纤维生物活性。选择了三种类型的微生物来评估获得的纤维的微生物活性,即,革兰阳性金黄色葡萄球菌、革兰阴性铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌。该纤维对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌具有抗菌活性。革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌获得了最大的抑制区,范围从1.5到4.5毫米,取决于CuMPs的浓度。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光学显微镜(OM)检查纤维表面的形态。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)研究了聚合物结构化学的变化,拉曼光谱,X射线结构研究(WAXS和SAXS)和能量色散光谱(EDS)分析。新获得的生物活性聚酰胺纤维可用于许多领域,包括医学,服装和环保过滤器的生产。
    This paper presents a simple method of obtaining polyamide 6 fibres modified with acetanilide and copper ions. During the spinning of the fibres with the additives applied, a partial reduction of CuSO4 to Cu2+ and Cu+ ions occurs, which is observed as a change in the blue colour of the prepared polyamide granulate to the grey-brown colour of the formed fibres. CuMPs obtained as a result of the salt reduction should give the obtained fibres bioactive properties. Three types of microorganisms were selected to assess the microbiological activity of the obtained fibres, i.e., Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The fibres have antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The largest inhibition zones were obtained for the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 mm, depending on the concentration of CuMPs. The morphology of the fibres\' surfaces was examined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM). The changes in the polymer structure chemistry are studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray structure studies (WAXS and SAXS) and an energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The newly obtained bioactive polyamide fibres can be used in many areas, including medicine, clothing and environmental protection for the production of filters.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    阿尔茨海默病(AD),最常见的神经退行性疾病,以行为为特征,认知,和进行性记忆障碍。广泛的神经元损失,不溶性老年性淀粉样β(Aβ)斑块的细胞外积累,细胞内神经原纤维缠结(NFTs)是主要的病理特征。本研究旨在研究多奈哌齐(DON)和己酮可可碱(PTX)联合治疗由CuSO4摄入引起的神经退行性疾病(实验性AD)的实验大鼠的治疗效果。本研究使用30只成年雄性Wistar大鼠(140-160g)。首先通过在饮用水(10mg/L)中补充CuSO4在大鼠中诱导14周的AD。AD组未接受进一步治疗。口服DON(10mg/kg/天),PTX(100mg/kg/天),其他三组的DON+PTX从CuSO4摄入第10周开始,共4周。皮质标志物,如乙酰胆碱(ACh),乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE),总抗氧化能力(TAC),和丙二醛(MDA)和海马标记,如β-淀粉样前体蛋白裂解酶1(BACE1),磷酸化Tau(p-tau),Clusterin(CLU),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),caspase-9(CAS-9),Bax,测量Bcl-2。通过使用苏木精和曙红和刚果红染色以及神经丝的免疫组织化学进行组织病理学研究。CuSO4引起不利的组织学和生化改变。在施用DON和PTX后,海马的组织学损伤被抑制。脑组织的AChE水平,MDA,BACE1,p-tau,CLU,CAS-9,Bax,TNF-α显著升高,而脑组织的ACH水平,TAC,与未处理的对照组相比,CuSO4处理的大鼠中Bcl-2显著降低。DON或PTX对大多数研究参数的诱导作用是可比较的。与单独使用DON和PTX的联合治疗相比,效果显着。然而,仍需要更多的临床和临床前研究来进一步确认和证明这种联合用药的长期疗效.
    Alzheimer\'s disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by behavioral, cognitive, and progressive memory impairments. Extensive neuronal loss, extracellular accumulation of insoluble senile amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the major pathological features. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of donepezil (DON) and pentoxifylline (PTX) in combination to combat the neurodegenerative disorders (experimental AD) induced by CuSO4 intake in experimental rats. Thirty adult male Wistar rats (140-160 g) were used in this study. AD was first induced in rats by CuSO4 supplement to drinking water (10 mg/L) for 14 weeks. The AD group received no further treatment. Oral treatment with DON (10 mg/kg/day), PTX (100 mg/kg/day), or DON + PTX for the other three groups was started from the 10th week of CuSO4 intake for 4 weeks. Cortex markers like acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and hippocampus markers like β-amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), phosphorylated Tau (p-tau), Clusterin (CLU), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), caspase-9 (CAS-9), Bax, and Bcl-2 were measured. The histopathology studies were done by using hematoxylin and eosin and Congo red stains as well as immunohistochemistry for neurofilament. CuSO4 induced adverse histological and biochemical changes. The histological injury in the hippocampus was inhibited following the administration of the DON and PTX. The brain tissue levels of AChE, MDA, BACE1, p-tau, CLU, CAS-9, Bax, and TNF-α were significantly increased, while brain tissue levels of ACh, TAC, and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased in CuSO4-treated rats as compared with the untreated control group. The effects induced by either DON or PTX on most studied parameters were comparable. Combined treatment of DON and PTX induced remarkable results compared with their individual use. However, more clinical and preclinical studies are still required to further confirm and prove the long-term efficacy of such combination.
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  • 文章类型: Case Reports
    CuSO4(硫酸铜)中毒虽然罕见,与高死亡率有关。它涉及多个器官系统,如果不及时处理可能导致死亡。支持性护理和螯合疗法以及TPE(治疗性血浆置换),全血交换或红细胞交换可用于管理。我们报告了这种情况,在TPE后观察到迅速的临床改善。
    CuSO4 (Copper sulphate) poisoning though rare, is associated with high mortality. It involves multiple organ systems and if not dealt with promptly can lead to death. Supportive care and chelation therapy along with TPE (therapeutic plasma exchange), whole blood exchange or red cell exchange can be employed in management. We report such a case where swift clinical improvement was seen after TPE.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    添加次要金属(例如Cu,Co,Ni和Pd)形成铁基双金属颗粒可以增强零价铁(ZVI)的反应性。本研究提出了一种通过球磨mZVI和CuSO4制备Cu-Fe双金属(Cu-Febm(CuSO4))的新合成方法。在球磨过程中,40%的Cu2+可以还原成Cu0,与Fe0形成Fe/Cu合金结构的电耦合。部分Cu2+仅还原成Cu+(相当于Cu2O),而29%的SO42-被还原成Sx2-(相当于FeSx)。Cu2O的出现不利于Cu-Febm(CuSO4)颗粒的活性,Fe0/FeSx结构的形成补偿了Fe/Cu合金的部分损失。H•abs被确定为Cu-Febm(CuSO4)双金属降解TCE的主要活性物质。Cu-Febm(CuSO4)双金属对水中氯代烃的去除具有很大的潜力。
    The addition of a secondary metal (such as Cu, Co, Ni and Pd) to form iron-based bimetallic particles could enhance the reactivity of zero valent iron (ZVI). This study proposed a new synthesis method for preparing Cu-Fe bimetals (Cu-Febm (CuSO4)) by ball milling mZVI and CuSO4. During ball-milling process, 40% of Cu2+ can be reduced to Cu0, which formed galvanic couple with Fe0 in a way of Fe/Cu alloy structure. Part Cu2+ was only reduced to Cu+ (corresponding to Cu2O), while 29% of SO42- was reduced to Sx2- (corresponding to FeSx). The appearance of Cu2O was not conducive to the activity of Cu-Febm (CuSO4) particles, the formation of Fe0/FeSx structure compensated for the partial loss of Fe/Cu alloy. H•abs was identified as the main active species for TCE degradation by Cu-Febm (CuSO4) bimetals. The Cu-Febm (CuSO4) bimetals has great potential for the removal of chlorinated hydrocarbons in water.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    本研究旨在研究硫酸铜的实际应用对黄cat鱼(Pelteobagrusfulvidraco)的潜在不利影响,并提供有关硫酸铜引起的ill毒性的见解。将黄cat鱼暴露于常规驱虫浓度的硫酸铜(0.7mg/L)中7天。氧化应激生物标志物,转录组,和外部微生物群用酶测定法检查,RNA测序,和16SrDNA分析,分别。硫酸铜的暴露导致的氧化应激和免疫抑制,随着氧化应激生物标志物水平的增加和免疫相关差异表达基因(DEGs)表达的改变,如IL-1β,IL4Rα,CCL24参与反应的关键途径包括细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用,NOD样受体信号通路,和Toll样受体信号通路。16SrDNA分析显示硫酸铜改变了g微生物群的多样性和组成,如拟杆菌和Bdellovibrionota的丰度显着降低和变形杆菌的丰度显着增加所证明的。值得注意的是,在属水平上也观察到了白单胞菌的丰度大幅增加了8.5倍。我们的发现表明,硫酸铜诱导氧化应激,免疫抑制,和黄cat鱼的g微生物区系失调。这些发现强调了水产养殖业需要可持续管理实践和替代治疗策略,以减轻硫酸铜对鱼类和其他水生生物的不利影响。
    This study aimed to investigate the potential adverse effects of the practical application of copper sulfate on yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and to provide insights into the gill toxicity induced by copper sulphate. Yellow catfish were exposed to a conventional anthelmintic concentration of copper sulphate (0.7 mg/L) for seven days. Oxidative stress biomarkers, transcriptome, and external microbiota of gills were examined using enzymatic assays, RNA-sequencing, and 16S rDNA analysis, respectively. Copper sulphate exposure led to oxidative stress and immunosuppression in the gills, with increased levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and altered expression of immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), such as IL-1β, IL4Rα, and CCL24. Key pathways involved in the response included cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. The 16S rDNA analysis revealed copper sulphate altered the diversity and composition of gill microbiota, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidotas and Bdellovibrionota and a significant increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria. Notably, a substantial 8.5-fold increase in the abundance of Plesiomonas was also observed at the genus level. Our findings demonstrated that copper sulphate induced oxidative stress, immunosuppression, and gill microflora dysbiosis in yellow catfish. These findings highlight the need for sustainable management practices and alternative therapeutic strategies in the aquaculture industry to mitigate the adverse effects of copper sulphate on fish and other aquatic organisms.
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  • 文章类型: Case Reports
    背景:食盐是一种安全的,有效和便宜的自制治疗脐肉芽肿。这项范围审查的目的是确定和总结可用的证据,并检查对脐肉芽肿进行盐治疗的研究。
    方法:在9月的第二周进行了文献检索,2022年使用谷歌学者,PubMed,MEDLINE和EMBASE数据库使用关键词\'脐部肉芽肿\'和\'盐治疗\'来识别与脐部肉芽肿盐治疗有关的所有英文文章。表格总结了方法学特征,结果和不同作者使用的盐的剂量方案。Cochrane协作工具用于评估随机对照试验中的偏倚风险。还指出了发表这些研究的期刊的索引状态。通过添加每个研究中提到的成功率来计算使用食盐的总体功效。
    结果:24篇文章(2篇系统评价,6随机对照试验,11项前瞻性队列研究,1例病例对照研究,包括3例回顾性病例系列和1例病例报告)。使用食盐的总成功率为93.91%(1033/1100),没有任何并发症/复发的报告。
    结论:局部应用食盐治疗脐带肉芽肿简单,有效且廉价。这项范围审查在现有的证据水平上提供了更广泛的前景,可能有助于规划介入比较研究。以便制定建议。它还强调了缺乏关于这一主题的适当设计的随机对照试验。
    方法:I.
    BACKGROUND: Common salt is a safe, effective and cheap home-made remedy for umbilical granuloma. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and summarize the available evidence and examine the research conducted on salt treatment for umbilical granuloma.
    METHODS: A literature search was performed in the second week of September, 2022 using Google scholar, PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases using the keywords \'umbilical granuloma\' and \'salt treatment\' to identify all English articles pertaining to salt treatment for umbilical granuloma. Tables were made to summarize the methodological characteristics, results and the dosage regimens of salt used by different authors. The Cochrane Collaboration\'s tool was used for assessing risk of bias in RCTs. The indexing statuses of the journals publishing these studies were also noted. The overall efficacy with the use of common salt was calculated by adding the success rates mentioned in each study.
    RESULTS: Twenty-four articles (2 systematic reviews, 6 Randomized Controlled Trials, 11 prospective cohort studies, 1 case control study, 3 retrospective case series and 1 case report) were included. An overall 93.91% success rate (1033/1100) was seen with common salt application, without any reports of complications/recurrences.
    CONCLUSIONS: Topical application of common salt for umbilical granulomas is simple, effective and inexpensive. This scoping review provides a broader outlook at the existing level of evidence and may help in planning interventional comparative studies, so that recommendations can be formulated. It also highlights a lack of properly designed randomized controlled trials on this topic.
    METHODS: I.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    近几十年来,污染水平增加了,主要是由于密集的人为活动,如工业发展,集约化农业实践,在其他人中。金属和有机污染物的影响是,如今,这是科学界和政治界的极大关注。铜化合物是欧洲销售的主要农药,以及除草剂,包括草甘膦.二苯醚是第二大销量。草甘膦和铜化合物被深入研究,但在二苯醚的情况下却相反,包括氟化农药(例如,氧氟芬)。已经进行了一些研究来增加关于这些污染物的知识,每天在水生系统中输入,并在物理和生化水平上对生物体产生危险影响。广泛的生物标志物(例如,增长,生存,生殖成功,酶活性,脂质代谢)已用于确定许多物种的潜在影响。这篇综述旨在:(a)对先前研究中有关有机(氟化除草剂)和无机(铜基农药)污染物的作用方式的知识进行汇编;(b)进行有关氟化农药的致死和亚致死作用的信息调查,即氧氟醚和铜基农药,来自不同营养级的水生物种,根据体外和体内研究;(c)了解氟羟肟和铜基农药的影响,考虑到它们在体外研究中报告的效果,同时,法律组织的授权浓度以及环境中每种污染物的有效浓度。文献分析揭示了铜和氧氟对水生生物的有害作用,包括淡水和海洋物种,即使暴露在参考和环境浓度下,因此强调了更多监测和生态毒理学研究的重要性,化学污染物和来自不同生态位的不同物种,维持和完善立法。
    In recent decades, pollution levels have increased, mainly as a result of the intensive anthropogenic activities such industrial development, intensive agricultural practices, among others. The impact of metals and organic contaminants is, nowadays, a great concern to the scientific and political communities. Copper compounds are the main sold pesticides in Europe, as well as herbicides, including glyphosate. Diphenyl ethers are the second ones most sold. Glyphosate and copper compounds are intensively studied, but the opposite is seen in the case of diphenyl ethers, including fluorinated pesticides (e.g., oxyfluorfen). Some research has been performed to increase the knowledge about these contaminants, daily inputted on the aquatic systems and with dangerous effects at physical and biochemical levels on the organisms. A wide range of biomarkers (e.g., growth, survival, reproductive success, enzymatic activity, lipid metabolism) has been applied to determine the potential effects in many species. This review intends to: (a) perform a compilation of the knowledge in previous research about the action mode of organic (fluorinated-based herbicide) and inorganic (copper-based pesticides) contaminants; (b) carry out an information survey about the lethal and sub-lethal effects of the fluorinated-based pesticides, namely the oxyfluorfen and the copper-based pesticides, on aquatic species from different trophic levels, according to in vitro and in vivo studies; (c) understand the impact of oxyfluorfen and copper-based pesticides, considering their effects reported in in vitro studies and, simultaneously, the authorized concentrations by legal organizations and the effective concentrations of each pollutant found in the environment. The literature analyzed revealed noxious effects of Cu and oxyfluorfen to aquatic organisms, including freshwater and marine species, even when exposed to the reference as well as to environmental concentrations, thus highlighting the importance of more monitoring and ecotoxicological studies, to chemical pollutants and different species from different ecological niches, to sustain and improve the legislation.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    河流沉积物中积累的铜可以通过洪水运输到邻近的河岸生境。虽然是植物的基本要素,铜在高浓度下是有毒的,限制了,除其他外,植物生长。除了铜,入侵植物,比如日本法洛皮,已知对重金属有耐受性,修改河岸栖息地。如果与本地植物相比,粳稻的耐受性更高,这可能会在高重金属应力下加速入侵。因此,我们旨在比较铜对两种常见河岸植物的影响,侵袭性的日本血吸虫和当地的荨麻。我们进行了盆栽实验,土壤铜的梯度从0到2430mgkg-1。我们假设(i)对植物生长的负面影响随着土壤铜浓度的增加而增加,而粳稻的影响较小,并且(ii)与U.dioica相比,植物组织中积累了更多的铜。为了支持我们的第一个假设,生长(身高,叶片数)和生物量(地上和地下)在810mgkg-1处理下受到影响,而在270mgkg-1时,杜松子酒的生长已经受到影响。由于100%的植物死亡率,分析中省略了2430mgkg-1治疗.相比之下,两种物种的叶绿素含量都随着铜处理的增加而略有增加。虽然杜松子酒总积累了更多的铜,与对照组相比,染毒后日本黄柏对铜的吸收增加更强烈。在810mgkg-1治疗中,粳稻中的铜浓度比对照高2238%,但在U.dioica中仅高634%。我们的结果表明,与本地物种相比,Japonica可能能够更有效地对内部铜浓度进行解毒,从而控制重金属的影响。这可能会给粳稻带来竞争优势,特别是在污染地区,促进其入侵的成功。
    Copper accumulating in stream sediments can be transported to adjacent riparian habitats by flooding. Although being an essential element for plants, copper is toxic at high concentrations and restricts, among other things, plant growth. Besides copper, invasive plants, such as Fallopia japonica, which are known to be tolerant toward heavy metals, modify riparian habitats. If the tolerance of F. japonica is higher compared to native plants, this could accelerate invasion under high heavy metal stress. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effect of copper on two common riparian plants, the invasive F. japonica and the native Urtica dioica. We performed a pot experiment with a gradient from 0 to 2430 mg kg-1 of soil copper. We hypothesized that (i) negative effects on plant growth increase with increasing soil copper concentrations with F. japonica being less affected and (ii) accumulating higher amounts of copper in plant tissues compared to U. dioica. In support of our first hypothesis, growth (height, leaf number) and biomass (above- and belowground) of F. japonica were impacted at the 810 mg kg-1 treatment, while the growth of U. dioica was already impacted at 270 mg kg-1. Due to 100% mortality of plants, the 2430 mg kg-1 treatment was omitted from the analysis. In contrast, chlorophyll content slightly increased with increasing copper treatment for both species. While U. dioica accumulated more copper in total, the copper uptake by F. japonica increased more strongly after exposure compared to the control. In the 810 mg kg-1 treatment, copper concentrations in F. japonica were up to 2238% higher than in the control but only up to 634% higher in U. dioica. Our results indicate that F. japonica might be able to more efficiently detoxify internal copper concentrations controlling heavy metal effects compared to the native species. This could give F. japonica a competitive advantage particularly in polluted areas, facilitating its invasion success.
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