铜纳米粒子(CuNPs)在电子学中有着广泛的应用,化妆品,杀菌剂,以及其他各个领域由于其独特的品质。然而,这种广泛的使用可能会导致环境污染和增加生物体的健康风险。尽管它们普遍使用,对CuNPs的生态影响和生物安全性仍未得到充分理解。本研究旨在深入研究CuNPs对斑马鱼(Daniorerio)胚胎的潜在毒性作用,关注胚胎发育等多个指标,神经毒性,氧化应激,和炎症反应。结果显示死亡率和畸形率显着增加,CuNPs暴露后孵化率和心率均有不同程度的下降。特别是,在浓度为500µg/L的CuNPs下,自发卷尾的频率显着下降。此外,CuNPs暴露诱导GABA信号通路相关基因转录表达的改变(gabra1,gad,abat,和gat1),表明对GABA合成的潜在影响,释放,分解代谢,recovery,和受体结合。此外,CuNPs引发氧化应激,通过超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的破坏证明,过氧化氢酶(CAT),和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性,丙二醛(MDA)水平升高。这种氧化应激随后导致了促炎级联反应,如炎症标志物转录表达增加(IL-1β,tnf-α,il-6和il-8)。与铜离子(以CuCl2提供)暴露的比较分析突出了CuCl2的大多数指数的更显着变化,表明与同等浓度的CuNP相比,毒性更大。总之,这些发现为CuNPs对斑马鱼胚胎发育和神经递质传导的毒性作用提供了有价值的见解。此外,他们提出了评估与CuNPs相关的环境和健康风险的技术方法,有助于更好地了解其生物安全和生态影响。
Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are extensively used in electronics, cosmetics, fungicides, and various other fields due to their distinctive qualities. However, this widespread usage can contribute to environmental contamination and heightened health risks for living organisms. Despite their prevalent use, the ecological impacts and biosafety of CuNPs remain inadequately understood. The present study aims to delve into the potential toxic effects of CuNPs on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, focusing on multiple indexes such as embryonic development, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. The results revealed a notable increase in the death rate and deformity rate, alongside varying degrees of decrease in hatching rate and heart rate following CuNPs exposure. Particularly, the frequency of spontaneous tail coiling significantly declined under exposure to CuNPs at concentrations of 500 µg/L. Furthermore, CuNPs exposure induced alterations in the transcriptional expression of GABA signaling pathway-related genes (gabra1, gad, abat, and gat1), indicating potential impacts on GABA synthesis, release, catabolism, recovery, and receptor binding. Additionally, CuNPs triggered oxidative stress, evidenced by disruption in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, along with elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. This oxidative stress subsequently led to a proinflammatory cascade, as demonstrated by the increased transcriptional expression of inflammatory markers (il-1β, tnf-α, il-6, and il-8). Comparative analysis with copper ion (provided as CuCl2) exposure highlighted more significant changes in most indexes with CuCl2, indicating greater toxicity compared to CuNPs at equivalent concentrations. In conclusion, these findings provide valuable insights into the toxic effects of CuNPs on zebrafish embryo development and neurotransmitter conduction. Furthermore, they present technical methodologies for assessing environmental and health risks associated with CuNPs, contributing to a better understanding of their biosafety and ecological impact.