背景:在重症监护病房(ICU)工作的护理专业人员有发生负面情绪反应以及与道德问题相关的情感和精神问题的高风险。通过了解这些专业人员的倦怠和道德冲突水平来确定改善这些方面的有效策略的设计,以及实践环境可能对他们的影响。
目的:分析职业倦怠水平之间的关系,暴露于道德冲突和对实践环境的感知,以及不同重症监护护理专业人员的社会人口统计学变量。
方法:描述性,相关,横截面,在某三级大学医院的ICU进行的观察性研究。用Maslach职业倦怠量表人力服务调查量表评估职业倦怠水平;用护士伦理冲突问卷评估伦理冲突水平,用护理工作指数的实践环境量表评估对环境的感知。进行描述性和推断性统计。使用Fisher精确卡方检验(χ2)分析分类变量之间的关联结果:评估了31名护士和8名护理助理,这意味着82,93%的参与率。31,10%的护理专业人员表现出倦怠的迹象,14,89%的人认为他们在不利的环境中工作,87,23%的人表现出中等高的道德冲突指数。教育水平(χ2=11.084,p=0.011)和专业类别(χ2=5.007,p=0.025)影响了职业倦怠的水平:护理助理的水平更高。在将倦怠水平与环境和道德冲突指数进行比较时,差异无统计学意义。
结论:在研究中发现,职业倦怠和道德冲突与对实践环境的感知之间没有关联,这表明个人因素可能会影响其发展。
BACKGROUND: Nursing professionals working in Intensive Care Units (ICU) are at high risk of developing negative emotional responses as well as emotional and spiritual problems related to ethical issues. The design of effective strategies that improve these aspects is determined by knowing the levels of burnout and ethical conflict of these professionals, as well as the influence that the practice environment might have on them.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between levels of burnout, the exposure to ethical conflicts and the perception of the practice environment among themselves and with sociodemographic variables of the different intensive care nursing professionals.
METHODS: Descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, observational study in an ICU of a tertiary level university hospital. The level of burnout was evaluated with the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey scale; the level of ethical conflict with the Ethical Conflict Questionnaire for Nurses and the perception of the environment with the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. The association between categorical variables was analyzed using Fisher\'s exact chi-square test (χ2) RESULTS: 31 nurses and 8 nursing assistants were evaluated, which meant a participation rate of 82,93%. 31,10% of the nursing professionals presented signs of burnout, 14,89% considered that they work in an unfavorable environment and 87,23% presented a medium-high index of exposure to ethical conflict. The educational level (χ2=11.084, p=0.011) and the professional category (χ2=5.007, p=0.025) influenced the level of burnout: nursing assistants presented higher levels of this. When comparing the level of burnout with the environment and the index of ethical conflict, there were no statistically significant differences.
CONCLUSIONS: The absence of association found in the study between Burnout and ethical conflict with the perception of the practice environment suggests that personal factors may influence its development.