A cross-sectional online survey was undertaken (July-August 2020) to ascertain parents\' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic of being at home with their newborn baby in the first 6 weeks. Participants (n = 371) were mostly biological mothers (n = 369, 99.4%), white British (n = 351, 94,5%), first baby (n = 186, 50%). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between maternal confidence and number of children (rho (369) = 0.295, p < .001) and baby\'s age at time of participation (rho (369) = 0.139, p = .009). Participants without higher educational qualifications (median = 62, SIQR = 3.5) had statistically significant higher confidence (U = 11831.500, p < .001) than participants with higher educational qualifications (median = 58, SIQR = 2). Parents of babies without health issues at birth (median, 61, SIQR = 3.5) had statistically significant higher confidence (U = 13213.500, p < .001) than parents of babies with health issues at birth (median = 58, SIQR = 5). Three qualitative themes have emerged: the impact of \"no partner\" restrictions; mixed emotions and lack of information and support. In conclusion, parenting during a pandemic created anxiety and fear, affected by \"no partner\" restrictions, not being allowed to appointments, scans, and during labor. Some parents were more confident and indicated benefits including heightening bonding with baby and partner during social distancing.
The strain of the pandemic on the mental health and well-being of parents could have a negative impact on future parenting.Healthcare professionals should not underestimate the potential consequences of declining perinatal mental health and should be vigilant to screen, enquire, and refer.Further research on this cohort of parents and children exploring the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their ongoing health and wellbeing could be beneficial for future health-care policies and guidance.

UNASSIGNED: Attaining movement proficiency under various constraints is well-researched; of particular interest here is how conscious processing and self-consciousness influence learning and performance. Current research relevant to these variables e.g., reinvestment, tends to utilize quantitative methods and thus overlooks a potentially rich source of understanding. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to apply a qualitative approach to explore the cognitive processes and self-consciousness within a less practiced population of adults participating in a non-competitive leisure activity.
UNASSIGNED: To achieve this, eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted with adult women learning or relearning to ride a bicycle.
UNASSIGNED: Using thematic analysis, two distinct themes were evident and corroborated those illustrated in scales such as the movement-specific reinvestment scale. These themes included Conscious Processing, Recalling Experiences and Movement Analysis, in addition to Style of Movement, and Self-Consciousness. Anxiety also emerged as an additional and relevant theme to learning a new complex movement skill.
UNASSIGNED: The findings indicated that participating women attuned to their movements to the extent that there was a conscious attempt to control their movements, but less so regarding movements being altered by self-awareness. Whilst further research is required, qualitative methods provide a promising basis for exploring the cognitive process involved with the conscious process involved in learning.

UNASSIGNED: Health and care staff have limited opportunities to design, deliver and lead critical enquiry activities.
UNASSIGNED: To explore barriers and enablers of building capacity, capability and confidence of these practitioners who wish to undertake critical enquiry activity.
UNASSIGNED: A realist conceptual framework including the development of middle range theory allowed analysis of the scholarship process and outcomes. Data were collected through snap surveys, interviews (face to face and online) and project output (posters).
UNASSIGNED: Nine scholars completed the programme and all participated in the study. They all experienced an increase in capacity, capability and confidence in critical enquiry activity. Six overarching themes arose from analysis of the interviews and snap survey data: value; expertise; attitudes; meaningful, responsive support; brain space; and skill and knowledge acquisition.
UNASSIGNED: A combined focus on people and project while staff remained embedded in their work area was key for the growth of skills and knowledge and creating impact from projects. Guilt at having dedicated time to take part in the programme was a self-imposed barrier to building capacity and capability. Social capital (gained from bringing together individuals from different groups with shared values) facilitated bonding, which increased psychological safety and helped enable capability and confidence.
UNASSIGNED: The combination of theory and practice embedded in a real-world context led to positive outcomes for staff, patients, carers and the facilitation team as real-life changes were made in clinical environments.

Introduction: A sport injury is an unfortunate event that can significantly impact the injured athletes\' psychology. There have been no studies examining gender differences in the psychological state after a sport-related musculoskeletal injury. Τhe aims of the current study were to (a) investigate the relationship between re-injury worry levels, confidence, and attention in the injured athletes who followed a rehabilitation program in order to return to competition, and (b) compare differences in these psychological factors between male and female athletes. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used. A total of 60 athletes (30 men and 30 women) volunteered to participate, aged 25.50 ± 5.25 years old, all of whom had experienced a musculoskeletal injury within the past year. Three validated questionnaires, i.e., the Causes of Re-Injury Worry Questionnaire, the Sport Confidence Questionnaire of Rehabilitated Athletes Returning to Competition, and the Attention Questionnaire of Rehabilitated Athletes Returning to Competition, were completed by the participants on their first competitive game after their rehabilitation program. Results: All of the athletes experienced average levels of re-injury worry due to their opponents\' ability and distraction attention, and high levels of confidence and functional attention. Many factors from the questionnaires were correlated with each other. Men experienced lower levels of re-injury worry due to rehabilitation compared to the women athletes (U = 329.00, p < 0.05), and women exhibited higher \"Re-injury Worry due to Opponent\'s Ability\" compared to the men athletes (U = 292.00, p < 0.01). Conclusions: A strong relationship was found between re-injury worry, confidence, and attention, with few gender differences. Since there is no previous research examining re-injury worry, confidence, and attention between men and women, future research with larger and more homogeneous samples is needed to confirm the present results.

UNASSIGNED: Interest in adaptive sports for children with cerebral palsy (CP) is growing, but current evidence on the benefits and indications for one sport, adaptive climbing, is limited.
UNASSIGNED: We sought to describe perceived changes observed by parents of children with CP who participated in adaptive climbing.
UNASSIGNED: Parents whose children with CP participated in 5 or more adaptive climbing sessions were eligible to participate and were emailed a recruitment letter and flyer. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, using a moderator guide. Interviews were transcribed and content analyzed, with data grouped into concepts, categories, and themes until data saturation.
UNASSIGNED: Ten parents (9 mothers, 1 father) of 10 children with CP (5 girls, 5 boys; ages 7 to 19 years) were interviewed for 15 to 45 minutes each, yielding 4 themes. First, parents perceived that adaptive climbing challenged the children physically (in reach, balance, strength, and head/neck and lower limb motion); second, that it sharpened children\'s cognitive skills (in focus, problem-solving, and strategic thinking); third, that it raised children\'s confidence (socially, physically, and emotionally); and fourth, that it expanded children\'s sense of what they could do (in mastering a challenge, claiming an athletic identity, and participating in a sport like their peers).
UNASSIGNED: In this qualitative study, parents described physical, cognitive, and psychosocial benefits of adaptive climbing for their children with CP. These descriptions can be used to inform future studies of children with CP who participate in adaptive climbing.

Prior research has demonstrated experience with a forecasting algorithm decreases reliance behaviors (i.e., the action of relying on the algorithm). However, the influence of model experience on reliance intentions (i.e., an intention or willingness to rely on the algorithm) has not been explored. Additionally, other factors such as self-confidence and domain knowledge are posited to influence algorithm reliance. The objective of this research was to examine how experience with a statistical model, task domain (used car sales, college grade point average (GPA), GitHub pull requests), and self-confidence influence reliance intentions, reliance behaviors, and perceived accuracy of one\'s own estimates and the model\'s estimates. Participants (N = 347) were recruited online and completed a forecasting task. Results indicate that there was a statistically significant effect of self-confidence and task domain on reliance intentions, reliance behaviors, and perceived accuracy. However, unlike previous findings, model experience did not significantly influence reliance behavior, nor did it lead to significant changes in reliance intentions or perceived accuracy of oneself or the model. Our data suggest that factors such as task domain and self-confidence influence algorithm use more so than model experience. Individual differences and situational factors should be considered important aspects that influence forecasters\' decisions to rely on predictions from a model or to instead use their own estimates, which can lead to sub-optimal performance.

BACKGROUND: Structured exercise has an important role in mitigating the extensive side effects caused by ongoing prostate cancer treatments, specifically androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and radiation therapy (RT). Little is known about men\'s experiences of, and preferences for, structured exercise programmes during active cancer treatment. This study aimed to inform the acceptability of a 6-month supervised intervention that emphasised increasing and varied intensities of aerobic and resistance exercise, by exploring the experiences of men who participated.
METHODS: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with an interviewer independent of the exercise study and data was analysed using a descriptive qualitative design.
RESULTS: Twelve prostate cancer patients were interviewed including participants who completed (n = 9) and withdrew from (n = 3) the intervention. Four main themes captured how men experienced the intervention: (1) Navigating the Unknown: Building confidence amidst vulnerability (subtheme- pushing the limits), (2) Building Trust: The credibility and approach of the exercise instructor (subtheme- appropriateness of supervised vs. independent exercise), (3) Flexibility in Delivery, (4) Finding Purpose: Exercise as a means of escapism and regaining control during treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: While an initial lack of self-confidence can be a barrier to exercise participation, exercise programmes have the potential to provide psychosocial benefits, rebuild confidence and empower men throughout their cancer treatment and into recovery. Structured exercise is acceptable during treatment including RT and can offer a form of escapism and sense of control for men navigating their cancer journey. Trust building, flexible delivery and credibility alongside a challenging exercise prescription are important facilitators of acceptability for men. Strategies to embed exercise from the point of diagnosis through ADT and RT should reflect men\'s experiences of exercise during treatment.
BACKGROUND: The trial has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as of the 14th of December 2021 (NCT05156424).

The 21st century presents significant global health challenges that necessitate an integrated health workforce capable of delivering person-centered and integrated healthcare services. Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) plays a vital role in achieving integration and training an IPC-capable workforce in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has become imperative. This study aims to assess changes in IPC confidence among learners participating in a team-based, case-based HIV training programme across diverse settings in SSA. Additionally, it sought to examine the impact of different course formats (in-person, synchronous virtual, or blended learning) on IPC confidence. Data from 20 institutions across 18 SSA countries were collected between May 1 and December 31, 2021. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate associations between variables of interest and the increases in IPC confidence. The analysis included 3,842 learners; nurses comprised 37.9% (n = 1,172) and physicians 26.7% (n = 825). The majority of learners (67.2%, n = 2,072) were pre-service learners, while 13.0% (n = 401) had graduated within the past year. Factors significantly associated with increased IPC confidence included female gender, physician cadre, completion of graduate training over 12 months ago, and participation in virtual or in-person synchronous workshops (p < .05). The insights from this analysis can inform future curriculum development to strengthen interprofessional healthcare delivery across SSA.

Introduction: The mainstreaming of genomics across healthcare specialties necessitates that all nurses and midwives have a high literacy in genomics. Methods: We aimed to design, develop, implement and evaluate a genomics education workshop for nurses and midwives using action research principles. Results: Registered nurses and midwives completed an online survey regarding genomics confidence and learning needs (n = 274). The results of this survey were used to develop the genomics education workshop. The workshop was run three times (n = 105) with evaluation data being collected both before and after each workshop. Significant improvements in confidence across all learning domains was found following the workshops (p < 0.001). A desire for more education across all learning domains except for genetics knowledge was also identified (p < 0.001). Discussion: Genomics education workshops were found to increase the confidence of nurses and midwives across a range of specialties. Nurses and midwives also expressed a desire for further education in genomics.

People are often advised to project confidence with their bodies and voices to convince others. Prior research has focused on the high and low thinking processes through which vocal confidence signals (e.g., fast speed, falling intonation, low pitch) can influence attitude change. In contrast, this research examines how the vocal confidence of speakers operates under more moderate elaboration levels, revealing that falling intonation only benefits persuasion under certain circumstances. In three experiments, we show that falling (vs. rising) vocal intonation at the ends of sentences can signal speaker confidence. Under moderate elaboration conditions, falling (vs. rising) vocal intonation increased message processing, bolstering the benefit of strong over weak messages, increasing the proportion of message-relevant thoughts, and increasing thought-attitude correspondence. In sum, the present work examined an unstudied role of vocal confidence in guiding persuasion, revealing new processes by which vocal signals increase or fail to increase persuasion.