Spontaneous repair and remodeling of the mandibular head of the condylar process is a rarely reported outcome following condylectomy. This clinical report describes the spontaneous repair and subsequent remodeling of the mandibular head of the condylar process in four immature dogs that sustained traumatic injuries, necessitating surgical intervention through arthroplasty via partial or complete condylectomy, or caudal mandibulectomy. In subsequent evaluations, it was observed that all dogs exhibited clinically functional TMJs, as evidenced by an appropriate range of motion. These findings were corroborated by the owners\' reports of the patient\'s normal eating and drinking abilities. Conventional and cone-beam computed tomography studies demonstrated the repair and remodeling of the osseous tissues of the mandibular head of the condylar process. Histopathology was unavailable to assess the novel tissues. No evidence of intraarticular or extraarticular ankylosis or osteoarthritic changes was observed.

BACKGROUND: In this study, wistar rats were used to examine the impact of diet consistency on maxillary and mandibular growth over three generations.
METHODS: In this investigation, a breeding sample of 60 female and 8 male wistar rats was used. Measuring was only performed on female animals. The first generation\'s primary breeding sample consisted of 20 female wistar rats that were 30 days old and 4 male rats that were also 30 days old; two subsequent generations were created from these animals. At the age of 100 days, CBCTs were collected of all male rats. Twenty-eight craniofacial landmarks were selected for the linear measurements on stl format extracted from the DICOM files. A Bonferroni test was performed for the statistical analysis.
RESULTS: Means of measurements of all soft diet groups compared to corresponding measurements of the hard diet groups were significantly different. According to linear measurements, there was statistical difference on the maxillary measurements between the soft diet groups of the first and third generation, while the rest did not appear to have any statistical difference. There was significant difference for the mandibular dimensions only when the first generation soft diet group was compared with the third generation soft diet group.
CONCLUSIONS: Food consistency has a significant impact on the growth and development of the maxilla and mandible. Soft diet habits may result in retrognathic mandible, and narrower maxilla.

UNASSIGNED: Mandibular fractures are one of the most frequent and complex types of traumatic injuries of the maxillofacial region in children. Given significant long-term sequelae of inappropriate healing, adequate diagnosis and choice of management, which takes into account the patient\'s age and fracture characteristics, are paramount.
UNASSIGNED: The data for this study were obtained from the medical records of patients treated in the Department of Surgical Dentistry and Paediatric Maxillofacial Surgery of the Bogomolets National Medical University from 2014 to 2020. Age, gender, fracture pattern and surgical treatment methods performed in these patients were recorded and analysed.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 302 children with 376 traumatic fractures of the mandible were managed during the study period. The largest number of fractures was found in the condylar processes region, 42%, and in the body of the mandible, 40%. The majority of patients were males and in the 13-17 age group (147 [49%] cases). Tigerstedt\'s maxillary-mandibular fixation splint was used in the majority of cases, alone or in the combination with open or internal fixation.
UNASSIGNED: Whilst the most common type of immobilisation in children in our series was Tigerstedt\'s maxillary-mandibular fixation splint, its use is limited to the variable bite period. Alternative fixation options are discussed.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effect of diet consistency on mandibular growth of Wistar rats through three generations.
METHODS: A total breeding sample of 60 female and 8 male Wistar rats were used in this study. Measurements took place only on female animals. Twenty female Wistar rats at 30 days old and four male rats at 30 days old comprised the primary breeding sample of the first generation, and from these animals two different generations were reproduced. Lateral cephalometric X-rays were taken from all female rats at the age of 100 days. A total of 7 craniofacial landmarks were selected for the linear measurements, and 12 curves and 90 landmarks were selected for geometric morphometric analysis of the lateral X-rays. Bonferroni test and a permutation test were performed for the statistical analysis.
RESULTS: Means of measurements of all soft diet groups compared to hard diet groups were significantly smaller. According to linear measurements, there was a significant difference only between the first-generation soft diet with the third-generation soft diet group. According to geometric morphometric analysis, the statistical differences appeared on the condylar process and the angle of the mandible.
CONCLUSIONS: The soft diet could be responsible for less mandibular growth, and this information might be passing through generations.

The aim of the study is to determine the X-ray morphometric parameters of the neck of the mandible for the rational choice of fixing elements during osteosynthesis.
Based on 145 computed tomography scans of the mandible, the parameters of the upper and lower borders, the area and thickness of the neck of the mandible were studied. The anatomical boundaries of the neck were determined using the classification of A. Neff (2014). The parameters of the neck of the mandible were studied depending on the shape of the mandible ramus, gender, age and preservation of dentition.
The sizes of morphometric parameters of the neck of the mandible prevail in men. Statistically significant differences were found between the sizes of the neck of the mandible in men and women in the width of the lower border, area, and thickness of bone tissue. It was revealed that there are statically significant differences between hypsiramimandibular, orthoramimandibular and platyramimandibular forms in the following parameters: the width of the lower and upper borders, the middle of the neck, the area of bone tissue. When comparing the morphometric parameters of the neck of the articular process, there were no statistically significant differences between the age groups (p>0.05), and no differences were found between the groups identified by the degree of preservation of the dentition (p>0.05).
Morphometric parameters of the neck of the mandible have individual variability, statically significant differences depending on the sex and shape of the mandibular ramus. The obtained results on the width, thickness, and area of the bone tissue of the neck of the mandible will help in clinical practice to rationally choose the length of screws; the size, number, and shape of titanium mini-plates to achieve the requirements of stable functional osteosynthesis.
Определить морфометрические параметры шейки нижней челюсти для рационального выбора фиксирующих элементов при проведении остеосинтеза.
На основе 145 компьютерных томографических исследований нижней челюсти изучены параметры верхней и нижней границ, площади поверхности и толщины шейки нижней челюсти. Анатомические границы шейки определялись с помощью классификации A. Neff (2014). Параметры шейки нижней челюсти изучены в зависимости от формы ветви нижней челюсти, пола, возраста и степени сохранности зубных рядов.
Размеры морфометрических параметров шейки нижней челюсти больше у мужчин. Статистически значимые различия выявлены между размерами шейки нижней челюсти у мужчин и женщин по ширине нижней границы, площади поверхности и толщине кости. Выявлено, что между гипсирамимандибулярной, орторамимандибулярной и платирамимандибулярной формами имеются статически значимые различия по следующим параметрам: ширина нижней и верхней границ, середины шейки, площадь поверхности кости. При сравнении морфометрических параметров шейки нижней челюсти между возрастными группами статически значимых различий выявлено не было (p>0,05), а также не обнаружено различий между группами, выделенными по степени сохранности зубных рядов (p>0,05).
Морфометрические параметры шейки нижней челюсти имеют индивидуальную вариабельность, статистически значимые различия в зависимости от пола и формы ветви нижней челюсти. Полученные результаты о ширине, толщине, площади поверхности шейки нижней челюсти помогут в клинической практике рационально осуществить выбор длины винтов; размера, количества и формы титановых мини-пластин для достижения требований стабильно-функционального остеосинтеза.

Bonwill\'s triangle is an imaginary equilateral triangle formed when the centers of two condyles and each condyle with the medial mandibular incisal midpoint are joined. The dimensions of the tooth, with other bones of cranium, and the entire anatomical structure of body are in persistent association with the distance of the borders of the triangle. It can be used to study articulation of the mandible, complete dentures, and dental occlusion and can be related when treating mandibular fractures. The aim is to analyze the variations in the length of Bonwill\'s triangle in dry human mandibles and its dental implications. Forty dry human mandibles were taken to carry out this study. Distances between the center of the right condylar process to the inner medial mandibular incisal midpoint (A), the distance between the center of the left condylar process to the inner medial mandibular incisal midpoint (B), and the distance between the centers of right and left condylar process of mandible (C) were measured with the aid of digital vernier caliper. The statistics was evaluated and observed using the statistical analysis software SPSS (Version 20.0) and the mean and standard deviation was calculated. The mean length between right condyle center and medial mandibular incisal midpoint is 97.76 mm, between left condyle center and medial mandibular incisal midpoint is 98.55 mm, and between the right and left condyle centers is 97.39 mm. The values are almost equal to 4 inches. The mandibular measurements serve as an important factor for many clinical conditions especially related to dentistry. The results of this study can be of great significance when treating mandibular fractures and defects.

BACKGROUND: Growth and development of dentocraniofacial complex occurs during various stage of development of dentition with TMJ as one of its centres of growth. The condition of temporomandibular joint can be visible from its condylar head form; therefore, it is crucial to recognize the normal morphology of condylar head during different stages of development of dentition.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to view the morphological appearance of condylar head during primary dentition, mixed dentition and permenant dentition.
METHODS: 400 panoramic images of 194 boys and 296 girls were collected and were divided into three groups bases on the stage of dentition. Shape of the condylar head were determined by tracing the print out of the panoramic image on an X ray viewer.
RESULTS: The study showed that during primary dentition stage shape of the conylar head was dominated by round shape and as growth and development occurs the condylar head shape changes to convex.
CONCLUSIONS: The study describes the normal morphology of mandibular condyles in a child population attending The dentition status as well as growth of craniofacial has a significant role in determining condylar morphology.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate anatomically the relationship between bone and muscles by detailed observation of the bone shape and the structure of muscles to facilitate an understanding of the function of the muscles involved in jaw movement.
METHODS: 36 specimens of 24 Japanese cadavers were examined. The insertion areas were marked using a radiopaque marker and examined by micro-computed tomography. For morphological observation, we used 101 condylar processes. In addition, we made histological sections in some specimens to observe the detailed attachments of the muscle.
RESULTS: Based on the micro-CT images and dissection findings, the lateral pterygoid muscle was found to be most frequently inserted into the anterior impression and attached to the medial impression of the process. According to the histological observations, the lateral pterygoid muscle mainly inserted to the condylar process. The micro-CT images indicated that the obvious bony ridge was lateral to the pterygoid fovea on the condylar process in all specimens. The midmedial muscle bundle of the temporalis was attached to the ridge. Based on the morphological observations, the ridge was situated on the lateral area of the condylar process.
CONCLUSIONS: Since dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint is likely closely related to both the lateral pterygoid muscle and also the temporalis, further studies are necessary to evaluate the function of these muscles and consider jaw movement.