人类对运动范围两端的双足运动能力着迷-冲刺速度和耐力。一些更受欢迎的领域(例如,足球,橄榄球,和曲棍球)和法院(例如,篮球,网球,和无挡板篮球)运动利用混合能量系统,需要最大冲刺速度(MSS)和最大有氧速度(MAS)的相互作用,以满足不同频率的高强度跑步需求,持续时间,强度,和恢复。最近,这些运动能力已被认为是组合产生所谓的无氧速度储备(ASR)作为运动轮廓概念的一部分(MSS,MAS,和ASR)。此叙述性审查的目的是(1)提供运动轮廓概念的概述;(2)审查估计MSS的评估方法,MAS,和ASR;(3)检查年龄-,sex-,和MSS的成熟度相关变化,MAS,和ASR;(4)检查MSS的可训练性,MAS,和青年运动员的ASR;(5)使用长期运动员发展原则进行实际应用,以训练青年运动场和球场上运动运动员的运动特征。根据年轻男性运动员的现有数据,MSS,MAS,ASR通常随着年龄和成熟度组的年龄而增加,并且是可训练的。总的来说,训练的决定需要考虑运动的要求,当前的健康和成熟状态,并寻求有针对性的培训适应。
Humans are fascinated by the bipedal locomotor capacities at both ends of the athletic spectrum-sprinting speed and endurance. Some of the more popular field (eg, soccer, rugby, and lacrosse) and court (eg, basketball, tennis, and netball) sports utilize mixed energy systems requiring an interplay of both maximal sprinting speed (MSS) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) to meet the high-intensity running demands of varying frequency, duration, intensity, and recovery. Recently, these locomotor capacities have been considered in combination to produce what is called the anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) as part of the locomotor profile concept (MSS, MAS, and ASR). The purpose of this narrative review is to (1) provide an overview of the locomotor profile concept; (2) review the assessment methods for estimating MSS, MAS, and ASR; (3) examine the age-, sex-, and maturity-associated variations in MSS, MAS, and ASR; (4) examine the trainability of MSS, MAS, and ASR in youth athletes; and (5) conclude with the practical applications using principles of long-term athlete development for training the locomotor profile in youth field and court sport athletes. Based on the available data in young male athletes, MSS, MAS, and ASR generally increase with age and across maturity groups and are trainable. Overall, decisions on training need to consider the sport demands, current fitness and maturity status, and targeted training adaptation sought.