背景:堆肥床包装谷仓(CBP)由于对动物福利的有益影响,作为奶牛的替代住房系统而受到广泛关注。有效的微生物(EM)接种物被认为可以提高堆肥质量,改善土壤结构,造福环境。然而,关于外部EM组合孵化对谷仓环境的影响的信息很少,CBP堆肥质量和微生物多样性。进行本实验以研究接种不同组合的EM[植物乳杆菌(L),复合芽孢杆菌(B)和酿酒酵母(S)]对堆肥质量和CBP产品的微生物群落,以及与小母牛谷仓环境的关系。CBP谷仓进行以下四种处理:没有EM接种物的CON,LB/LS/LBS以1:2(L:B)的重量比孵育,1:2(L:S),1:1:1(L:B:S),分别。
结果:EM接种(LB,LS,LBS)降低了CBP中可吸入颗粒物(PM10和PM2.5)的浓度,降低了母牛血清总蛋白和总胆固醇水平。值得注意的是,与其他治疗相比,LBS的高密度脂蛋白含量最高。微生物组结果表明,EM接种降低了细菌丰度(Chao1指数)和真菌多样性(Shannon和Simpson指数),同时增加各种细菌属的相对丰度(假单胞菌,Paracocus,Aequorivita)和真菌(Pestalotiopsis),与纤维素分解有关,最终导致加速有机物降解和腐殖质化。此外,通过EM接种获得了高营养元素(TK和TP)和低霉菌毒素含量,LBS表现出特别明显的效果。同时,LBS导致真菌病原体类别比例下降,但也导致真菌腐生菌类别增加。
结论:一般来说,EM接种通过改变纤维素分解细菌和真菌的丰度,积极影响堆肥产品质量,如有机肥料和谷仓环境,在抑制病原微生物繁殖的同时,特别是与L共同补充,B和S实现了放大效果。
BACKGROUND: Compost-bedded pack barns (CBP) are getting huge attention as an alternative housing system for dairy cows due to their beneficial impact on animal welfare. Effective microorganisms (EM) inoculums are believed to enhance compost quality, improve soil structure and benefit the environment. However, little information is available on the impact of incubation with external EM combinations on the barn environment, compost quality and microbial diversity in CBP. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of inoculating different combinations of EM [Lactobacillus plantarum (L), Compound Bacillus (B) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S)] on compost quality and microbial communities of CBP products, as well as the relationship with the heifers\' barn environment. CBP barns were subjected to the following four treatments: CON with no EM inoculum, LB/LS/LBS were Incubated with weight ratios of 1:2 (L: B), 1:2 (L: S), 1:1:1 (L: B: S), respectively.
RESULTS: The EM inoculation (LB, LS, LBS) reduced the concentration of respirable particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in the CBP, and decreased the serum total protein and total cholesterol levels in heifers. Notably, LBS achieved the highest content of high-density lipoprotein compared to other treatments. Microbiome results revealed that EM inoculation reduced the bacterial abundance (Chao1 index) and fungal diversity (Shannon & Simpson indexes), while increasing the relative abundance of various bacterial genera (Pseudomonas, Paracoccus, Aequorivita) and fungi (Pestalotiopsis), which are associated with cellulose decomposition that ultimately resulted in accelerating organic matter degradation and humification. Furthermore, high nutrient elements (TK&TP) and low mycotoxin content were obtained with EM inoculation, with LBS showing a particularly pronounced effect. Meanwhile, LBS contributed to a decline in the proportion of fungal pathogen categories but also led to an increase in fungal saprotroph categories.
CONCLUSIONS: Generally, EM inoculation positively impacted compost product quality as organic fertilizer and barn environment by modifying the abundance of cellulolytic bacteria and fungi, while inhibiting the reproduction of pathogenic microbes, especially co-supplementing with L, B and S achieved an amplifying effect.