Theileriaequi是新兴和流行的tick传播的原生动物之一,对全世界的equals产生不利影响,包括巴基斯坦。本研究旨在调查工作马匹中T.equi的患病率和分子特征(n=194),不同诊断测试的比较功效,相关危险因素,和血液生物化学分析.马的血液样本接受了显微镜检查,cELISA,和聚合酶链反应(PCR),结果显示患病率为9.79,21.13和13.40%,分别,T.equi在工作的马。显微镜和cELISA结果与PCR的比较表明,cELISA具有较高的灵敏度(84.62%),但较低的特异性(88.69%)和准确性(88.14%)相比显微镜(57.69,97.62和92.27%)。通过系统发育分析的T.equi的分子特征显示,研究分离株与彼此的OL662926,OL662925的相似性为61%,与OL662924的相似性为82%,同时也显示出与南非的T.equi分离株的同源性。韩国,印度,巴基斯坦,和巴西。危险因素分析显示蜱控制状态存在显著关联(P<0.05),以前的滴答历史记录,蜱虫侵扰,房屋卫生,驱虫/疫苗接种,以及其他牲畜物种在马中感染了T.equi。血液生化特征显示红细胞(RBC)显著(P<0.05)减少,血红蛋白(Hb),细胞体积(PCV),白细胞(WBC),血小板(PLT),磷,淋巴细胞的增加,粒细胞,天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST),葡萄糖,胆红素,血尿素氮(BUN),和肌酸酐感染T.equi的马。当前的研究是显微镜比较评估的第一份综合报告,cELISA,和PCR,评估巴基斯坦因T.equi感染引起的流行病学危险因素以及血液生化变化。
Theileria equi is 1 of the emerging and prevailing tick-borne hemoprotozoans adversely affecting the equids worldwide, including Pakistan. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization of T. equi in working horses (n = 194), the comparative efficacy of different diagnostic tests, associated risk factors, and hematobiochemical analysis. The blood samples of horses were subjected to microscopic examination, cELISA, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the results revealed a prevalence of 9.79, 21.13, and 13.40%, respectively, for T. equi in working horses. The comparison of microscopy and cELISA results with PCR showed that cELISA had higher sensitivity (84.62%), but lower specificity (88.69%) and accuracy (88.14%) in comparison to microscopy (57.69, 97.62, and 92.27%). Molecular characterization of T. equi by phylogenetic analysis revealed a 61% resemblance of study isolates with each other OL662926, OL662925, and 82% similarity with isolate OL662924 while also showing homology with T. equi isolates of South Africa, South Korea, India, Pakistan, and Brazil. The risk factor analysis revealed a significant association (P < 0.05) of tick control status, previous tick history, tick infestation, house hygiene, deworming/vaccination, and the presence of other livestock species with T. equi infection in horses. The hematobiochemical profile revealed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cells (WBCs), platelet (PLT), phosphorus, and an increase in lymphocytes, granulocytes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose, bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine in T. equi-infected horses. The current study is the first comprehensive report for comparative evaluation of microscopy, cELISA, and PCR, assessment of epidemiological risk factors as well as hematobiochemical variations due to T. equi infection in Pakistan.