■本文涉及战斗经验及其后果,可能会令人不安。
精神伤害(MI)是一种严重的战斗创伤,由于战争中的杀戮而粉碎了士兵的道德轴承。在道德伤害影响退伍军人重返平民生活的无数方式中,它对政治和社会融合的影响在很大程度上仍未研究,但对个人来说至关重要,社区,和国民健康。
■13次深度访谈检查了战斗士兵对潜在的道德伤害事件(PMIE)的暴露,包括杀死敌方战斗人员,伤害平民,和指挥官的背叛,军事系统,和社会。受访者还描述了他们的政治活动(例如,投票,筹款,倡导,抗议)和社会行动主义(例如,志愿服务,教学,慈善工作)。受访者还完成了道德伤害症状量表。
■两个不同的叙述过程PMIE。在人道主义叙事中,士兵认为自己或他们的团体在道德上对犯罪行为负责,见证,或未能防止道德上的犯罪行为,如杀害或伤害平民或将他人置于不必要的危险之中。相比之下,国家安全的观点指责一个外部团体让士兵别无选择,只能以引发道德困扰的方式行事。伴随着羞耻和内疚,人道主义观点引发了出院后的修正和社会行动主义。相比之下,与愤怒和沮丧相关的国家安全观点促进了抗议和激烈的政治行动。
■尽管对健康有害,道德创伤和伤害会引发强烈的政治和社会行动主义,取决于退伍军人采用的叙事来解释PMIE。除了道德伤害的个人,家族性,和社会影响,道德伤害驱使退伍军人重返公民社会的政治舞台。因此,退伍军人在政治中起着核心作用,并在冲突后极大地影响民主国家的战后政策。
UNASSIGNED: This article deals with combat experiences and their consequences and could be potentially disturbing.
UNASSIGNED: Moral injury (MI) is a severe form of combat trauma that shatters soldiers\' moral bearings as the result of killing in war. Among the myriad ways that moral injury affects veterans\' reintegration into civilian life, its impact on political and societal reintegration remains largely unstudied but crucial for personal, community, and national health.
UNASSIGNED: 13 in-depth interviews examine combat soldiers\' exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) that include killing enemy combatants, harming civilians, and betrayal by commanders, the military system, and society. Interviewees also described their political activities (e.g., voting, fundraising, advocacy, protest) and social activism (e.g., volunteering, teaching, charitable work). Interviewees also completed the Moral Injury Symptom Scale.
UNASSIGNED: Two distinct narratives process PMIEs. In a humanitarian narrative, soldiers hold themselves or their in-group morally responsible for perpetrating, witnessing, or failing to prevent a morally transgressive act such as killing or injuring civilians or placing others at unnecessary risk. In contrast, a national security perspective blames an out-group for leaving soldiers with no choice but to act in ways that trigger moral distress. Associated with shame and guilt, the humanitarian perspective triggered amends-making and social activism after discharge. In contrast, a national security perspective associated with anger and frustration fostered protest and intense political activism.
UNASSIGNED: Despite its harmful health effects, moral trauma and injury can drive intense political and social activism, depending upon the narrative veterans adopt to interpret PMIEs. Aside from moral injury\'s personal, familial, and social effects, moral injury drives veterans\' return to the political arena of civil society. As such, veterans play a central role in politics and dramatically affect post-war policy in democratic nations following conflict.