目前,发展封闭流通经济的基本活动是管理食物废物和生产废物以制备生物复合材料。使用天然来源的废料可以创建具有改善的物理化学和功能特性的创新复合材料。本研究涉及咖啡渣的使用(2.5-20wt。%)和橡木锯末(2.5-20wt。%)作为硬质聚氨酯泡沫的有效填料。创新的复合材料,以前在文学中负债,进行了必要的分析,以确定应用能力:处理时间,自由密度,吸水,尺寸稳定性,机械性能(抗压强度),热导率,形态学,和阻燃性。关于机械测试的结果被证明是关键。增加咖啡添加剂的数量对抗压强度有积极影响。该填料的添加范围为5-15重量%。%增加了复合材料的抗压强度,136-139kPa,与参考样本相比,127kPa。分析的关键参数是热导率。获得的结果在要求的范围内,也就是说,对于所有用量为2.5-20wt的填料,为0.022-0.024W/m·K。%.这是非常重要的,因为这些材料用于绝缘目的。燃烧行为测试的结果已经证实,可再生材料的添加不会负面影响所接收的泡沫的耐火性;获得的结果类似于从没有添加填料的参考样品获得的结果。火焰的高度不超过17厘米,参考样品和咖啡渣复合材料的火焰衰减时间为17s,橡木锯末复合材料的火焰衰减时间为18s。在这项工作中,首次描述了生物有机废物作为一种新型填料用于淹没式聚氨酯泡沫保温的实际应用。将天然来源的填料引入聚合物基质是改善硬质聚氨酯泡沫的物理化学和功能性能的有前途的方法。用咖啡渣和锯末改性的复合材料从技术上很有趣,生态,和经济观点,显着增加泡沫在各个行业的使用范围。
Currently, the fundamental activity that will allow for the development of an economy with closed circulation is the management of food waste and production waste for the preparation of biocomposites. The use of waste materials of natural origin allows for the creation of innovative composites with improved physicochemical and functional properties. The present investigation concerns the use of coffee grounds (2.5-20 wt.%) and oak sawdust (2.5-20 wt.%) as effective fillers of rigid polyurethane foam. Innovative composite materials, previously indebted in the literature, were subjected to the necessary analyses to determine the application abilities: processing times, free density, water absorption, dimensional stability, mechanical properties (compressive strength), thermal conductivity, morphology, and flame resistance. The results with respect to the mechanical tests turned out to be the key. Increasing the number of coffee additives has a positive effect on the compressive strength. The addition of this filler in the range of 5-15 wt.% increased the compressive strength of the composites, 136-139 kPa, compared to the reference sample, 127 kPa. The key parameter analysed was thermal conductivity. The results obtained were in range of the requirements, that is, 0.022-0.024 W/m·K for all used amounts of fillers 2.5-20 wt.%. This is extremely important since these materials are used for insulation purposes. The results of the burning-behaviour test have confirmed that the addition of renewable materials does not negatively affect the fire resistance of the received foams; the results were obtained analogously to those obtained from the reference sample without the addition of fillers. The height of the flame did not exceed 17 cm, while the flame decay time was 17 s for the reference sample and the composite with coffee grounds and 18 s for the composite with oak sawdust. In this work, the practical application of bioorganic waste as an innovative filler for the insulation of flooded polyurethane foam is described for the first time. The introduction of fillers of natural origin into the polymer matrix is a promising method to improve the physicochemical and functional properties of rigid polyurethane foams. Composites modified with coffee grounds and sawdust are interesting from a technological, ecological, and economic point of view, significantly increasing the range of use of foam in various industries.