油分散体,石油运输中的一个关键过程,涉及油滴从浮油中脱离并引入水柱,影响随后的石油运移和转化。这项研究检查了油的分散,考虑到特点,稳定性,和机制,同时评估分散剂和盐度的影响。结果表明,分散剂中表面活性剂类型对油的分散特性具有重要作用,与非离子表面活性剂相比,阴离子表面活性剂对盐度变化的敏感性更高。分散效率随盐度而变化,阴离子表面活性剂在低盐度(<20‰)下表现更好,非离子表面活性剂在30-35‰盐度下表现出优异的性能。流变分析说明了油滴在破碎波的剪切速率内的破碎和聚结。界面膜刚度的增加阻碍了油滴的聚结,有助于油水混合动力系统的动态稳定性。使用GM-2,一种非离子分散剂,导致形成固体状界面,以增加的弹性模量为特征,特别是在20‰的盐度。然而,在35‰盐度下60h稳定的液滴尺寸分布(DSD)表明液滴可以保持分散在海水中。油分散稳定性的增强被解释为两种机理的结果:稳定DSD和提高粘弹性界面膜的强度。这些发现提供了对石油分散动力学的见解,强调表面活性剂选择和盐度在控制分散行为中的重要性,并阐明分散稳定性的潜在机制。
Oil dispersion, a crucial process in oil transport, involves the detachment of oil droplets from slicks and their introduction into the water column, influencing subsequent oil migration and transformation. This study examines oil dispersion, considering characteristics, stability, and mechanisms, while evaluating the impact of dispersants and salinity. Results show the significant role of surfactant type in dispersants on oil dispersion characteristics, with anionic surfactants exhibiting higher sensitivity to salinity changes compared to nonionic surfactants. The dispersion efficiency varies with salinity, with anionic surfactants performing better in low salinity (<20‰) and nonionic surfactants showing superior performance at 30-35‰ salinities. Rheological analysis illustrates the breakup and
coalescence of oil droplets within the shear rates of breaking waves. An increase in interfacial film rigidity impedes the
coalescence of oil droplets, contributing to the dynamic stability of the oil-water hybrid system. The use of GM-2, a nonionic dispersant, results in the formation of a solid-like interface, characterized by increased elastic modulus, notably at 20‰ salinity. However, stable droplet size distribution (DSD) at 35‰ salinity for 60 h suggests droplets can remain dispersed in seawater. The enhancement of stability of oil dispersion is interpreted as the result of two mechanisms: stabilizing DSD and developing the strength of viscoelastic interfacial film. These findings offer insights into oil dispersion dynamics, highlighting the importance of surfactant selection and salinity in governing dispersion behavior, and elucidating mechanisms underlying dispersion stability.