物质使用障碍(SUD)是在全球范围内急剧加剧的主要精神疾病之一。由于治疗选择有限,它变得势不可挡。成瘾障碍的复杂性是理解疾病病理生理学的主要障碍。因此,通过基础研究揭示大脑的复杂性,鉴定新的信号通路,发现新的药物靶点,尖端技术的进步将有助于控制这种疾病。此外,通过治疗性抗体和疫苗等免疫治疗措施控制SUD的希望很大。疫苗在消除小儿麻痹症等许多疾病方面发挥了重要作用,麻疹,还有天花.Further,疫苗控制了许多疾病,如霍乱,登革热,白喉,b型流感嗜血杆菌(Hib),人乳头瘤病毒,流感,日本脑炎,等。最近,COVID-19在许多国家通过疫苗接种得到控制。目前,不断努力开发针对尼古丁的疫苗,可卡因,吗啡,甲基苯丙胺,和海洛因。针对SUD的抗体治疗是需要认真关注的另一个重要领域。抗体对白喉等许多严重疾病有很大的帮助,狂犬病,克罗恩病,哮喘,类风湿性关节炎,和膀胱癌。由于其在癌症治疗中的成功率,抗体治疗获得了巨大的动力。此外,由于具有长半衰期的高效人源化抗体的产生,在抗体治疗方面取得了巨大的进步。抗体疗法的优势在于其即时结果。本文的重点是讨论SUDs的药物靶点及其相关机制。重要的是,我们还讨论了消除药物依赖的预防措施的范围。
Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is one of the major mental illnesses that is terrifically intensifying worldwide. It is becoming overwhelming due to limited options for treatment. The complexity of addiction disorders is the main impediment to understanding the pathophysiology of the illness. Hence, unveiling the complexity of the brain through basic research, identification of novel signaling pathways, the discovery of new drug targets, and advancement in cutting-edge technologies will help control this disorder. Additionally, there is a great hope of controlling the SUDs through immunotherapeutic measures like therapeutic antibodies and vaccines. Vaccines have played a cardinal role in eliminating many diseases like polio, measles, and smallpox. Further, vaccines have controlled many diseases like cholera, dengue, diphtheria, Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib), human papillomavirus, influenza, Japanese encephalitis, etc. Recently, COVID-19 was controlled in many countries by vaccination. Currently, continuous effort is done to develop vaccines against nicotine, cocaine, morphine, methamphetamine, and heroin. Antibody therapy against SUDs is another important area where serious attention is required. Antibodies have contributed substantially against many serious diseases like diphtheria, rabies, Crohn\'s disease, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and bladder cancer. Antibody therapy is gaining immense momentum due to its success rate in cancer treatment. Furthermore, enormous advancement has been made in antibody therapy due to the generation of high-efficiency humanized antibodies with a long half-life. The advantage of antibody therapy is its instant outcome. This article\'s main highlight is discussing the drug targets of SUDs and their associated mechanisms. Importantly, we have also discussed the scope of prophylactic measures to eliminate drug dependence.