背景:随着对神经胶质瘤发展和免疫微环境的逐步认识,已经发现了许多免疫细胞。尽管人们对免疫细胞的功能和免疫疗法的临床应用越来越了解,免疫细胞亚型的确切作用和特征,神经胶质瘤如何诱导免疫细胞的亚型转化及其对神经胶质瘤进展的影响尚待了解。
目的:在这篇综述中,我们全面集中于神经胶质瘤微环境中的四大免疫细胞,特别是中性粒细胞,巨噬细胞,淋巴细胞,骨髓来源的抑制细胞(MDSCs),和其他重要的免疫细胞。我们讨论了(1)免疫细胞亚型标志物,(2)胶质瘤诱导的免疫细胞亚型转化,(3)各亚型影响化疗耐药的机制,(4)针对免疫细胞的疗法,和(5)免疫细胞相关单细胞测序。最终,我们确定了神经胶质瘤中免疫细胞亚型的特征,全面总结了胶质瘤诱导免疫细胞亚型转化的确切机制,并总结了单细胞测序在探索胶质瘤免疫细胞亚型方面的进展。
■总而言之,我们详细分析了化疗耐药的机制,并发现了未来的免疫治疗靶点,挖掘协同结合放射治疗的新型免疫治疗方法的潜力,化疗,和手术,从而为改善针对神经胶质瘤的免疫治疗策略和增强患者预后铺平了道路。
BACKGROUND: With the gradual understanding of glioma development and the immune microenvironment, many immune cells have been discovered. Despite the growing comprehension of immune cell functions and the clinical application of immunotherapy, the precise roles and characteristics of immune cell subtypes, how glioma induces subtype transformation of immune cells and its impact on glioma progression have yet to be understood.
OBJECTIVE: In this review, we comprehensively center on the four major immune cells within the glioma microenvironment, particularly neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and other significant immune cells. We discuss (1) immune cell subtype markers, (2) glioma-induced immune cell subtype transformation, (3) the mechanisms of each subtype influencing chemotherapy resistance, (4) therapies targeting immune cells, and (5) immune cell-associated single-cell sequencing. Eventually, we identified the characteristics of immune cell subtypes in glioma, comprehensively summarized the exact mechanism of glioma-induced immune cell subtype transformation, and concluded the progress of single-cell sequencing in exploring immune cell subtypes in glioma.
UNASSIGNED: In conclusion, we have analyzed the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance detailly, and have discovered prospective immunotherapy targets, excavating the potential of novel immunotherapies approach that synergistically combines radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, thereby paving the way for improved immunotherapeutic strategies against glioma and enhanced patient outcomes.