这篇评论评估了将处理后的废水用于农业土壤灌溉的可行性,作为养分回收和减少CO2排放的策略。通过文献综述,检查了富含碳和养分的废水来源,包括市政废水和相关污泥,vinasse,养猪废水,以及食品工业和造纸和纸浆生产的废水。该评论还探讨了土壤中有机物的动力学,讨论其潜在转化为CO2或长期储存的相关方面。发现工业废水,由于它们较高的有机物和顽固性,表现出更大的碳储存潜力。然而,废水中污染物的存在需要仔细考虑,特别是它们对土壤质量的影响。有毒金属,微塑料,有机化合物作为重要的污染物出现,可以在土壤中积累,对生态系统健康构成风险。为了减轻对环境的影响,评估了各种废水处理技术及其相关的碳排放。虽然先进的处理可以有效地减少污染物负荷并减轻土壤影响,它们的采用通常与二氧化碳排放量的增加有关。膜生物反应器,微滤,超滤,上流式厌氧污泥床反应器被认为是碳足迹较低的有前途的技术。展望未来,未来的研究应旨在加强对土壤中碳动力学的理解,并验证处理后的废水处理对环境的影响。尽管存在不确定性,文献表明,土壤中的废水回收利用具有积极的前景,为碳储存和减少温室气体排放提供可行的战略。
This review assesses the feasibility of reusing treated wastewater for irrigation in agricultural soils as a strategy for nutrients recycling and mitigation of CO2 emissions. Through a literature review, it was examined wastewater sources enriched with carbon and nutrients, including municipal wastewater and associated sludge, vinasse, swine wastewater, as well as wastewater from the food industry and paper and pulp production. The review also explores the dynamics of organic matter within the soil, discussing the aspects related to its potential conversion to CO2 or long-term storage. It was found that industrial wastewaters, owing to their higher organic matter and recalcitrance, exhibit greater potential for carbon storage. However, the presence of pollutants in wastewater necessitates careful consideration, particularly concerning their impact on soil quality. Toxic metals, microplastics, and organic compounds emerged as significant contaminants that could accumulate in the soil, posing risks to ecosystem health. To mitigate the environmental impacts, it was evaluated various wastewater treatment technologies and their associated carbon emissions. While advanced treatments may effectively reduce the contaminant load and mitigate soil impacts, their adoption is often associated with an increase in CO2 emissions. Membrane bioreactors, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors were identified as promising technologies with lower carbon footprints. Looking ahead, future research should aim to enhance the understanding of carbon dynamics in soil and validate the environmental impacts of treated wastewater disposal. Despite remaining uncertainties, the literature indicates a positive outlook for wastewater recycling in soil, offering a viable strategy for carbon storage and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.