保护农业和有机农业是确保粮食安全和环境可持续性的两种可持续农业方法。因此,一项实地研究评估了生产力,四种耕作和残留物管理措施(TRMPs)下大豆-小麦种植系统(SWCS)的土壤健康和碳动态。,常规耕作无残留物(CT-R),常规耕作,两种作物的残留物保留量均为3tha-1(CT+R),无残留物免耕(ZT-R),和零耕作,两种作物的残留物保留均为3tha-1(ZTR);两种作物的五种有机养分管理方法(ONMPs)。,100%RDF(N1),100%RDN通过FYM(N2),100%RDN通过VC(N3),100%RDN通过FYM+生物肥料+牛尿+Panchgavya+Jeevamrut(N4),和100%RDN通过VC+生物肥料+牛尿+Panchgavya+Jeevamrut(N5),在分图设计中复制了三次。在TRMPs中,ZT+R比CT-R提高了系统生产率(SEY)约17.2%,除了改善土壤有效氮,P,K分别为6.4、6.5和6.5%,分别。SMBC,ZT+R下的SMBN和SMBP比CT-R高16.2、21.5和10.8%,分别。ZT+R具有较高的土壤DHA酶活性,酸-P,ALP,URA,和FDA超过CT-R19.4%,20.7%,21.5%,20.7%和15.2%,分别。ZT+R也有较高的VLC,ACP,LI和CMI超过CT-R。在ONMP中,基于自然农业的ONMP,N5大大改善了SMBC,SMBN,SMBP,FDA,DHA,酸-P,URA,ALP比N1(100%RDF)下降12.7-12.9%。ONMP-N5改进了可用N,P,N1上的钾含量分别为6.6、5.8和6.7%,分别。ONMP-N5具有较高的微生物计数(p<0.05),VLC,APC,LI和CMI;然而,在这项为期两年的短期研究中,系统生产率比N1低〜4.1%,这需要在多地点长期实验中进一步研究。总的来说,在6tha-1year-1+NF-basedONMPs(N5)的双重作物基础ZT+R除了提高北印度平原和南亚类似土壤的沙质壤土的土壤健康和土壤碳库外,还可以在SWCS下利用更高和持续的生产力。
Conservation-agriculture and organic-farming are two sustainable-agriculture approaches to ensure food security and environmental-sustainability. Hence, a field study assessed the productivity, soil-health and carbon-dynamics of soybean-wheat cropping system (SWCS) under four tillage and residue-management practices (TRMPs) viz., Conventional-tillage without residues (CT-R), conventional-tillage with residue-retention in both crops at 3 t ha-1 each (CT + R), zero-tillage without residues (ZT-R), and zero-tillage with residue-retention in both crops at 3 t ha-1 each (ZT + R); and five organic-nutrient-management-practices (ONMPs) in both crops viz., 100 % RDF (N1), 100 % RDN through FYM (N2), 100 % RDN through VC (N3), 100 % RDN through FYM + Biofertilizers + Cow-urine + Panchgavya + Jeevamrut (N4), and 100 % RDN through VC + Biofertilizers + Cow-urine + Panchgavya + Jeevamrut (N5), in split-plot-design replicated-thrice. Among TRMPs, ZT + R enhanced system-productivity (SEY) by ∼17.2 % over CT-R, besides improved soil available-N, P, K by 6.4, 6.5 and 6.5 %, respectively. SMBC, SMBN and SMBP were higher under ZT + R by 16.2, 21.5 and 10.8 % over CT-R, respectively. ZT + R had higher soil enzyme activities of DHA, Acid-P, ALP, URA, and FDA over CT-R by 19.4, 20.7, 21.5, 20.7 and 15.2 %, respectively. ZT + R also had higher VLC, ACP, LI and CMI over CT-R. Among ONMPs, the natural-farming based ONMP, N5 considerably improved SMBC, SMBN, SMBP, FDA, DHA, Acid-P, URA, and ALP by 12.7-12.9 % over N1 (100 % RDF). ONMP-N5 improved the available-N, P, K content over N1 by 6.6, 5.8 and 6.7 %, respectively. ONMP-N5 had higher (p < 0.05) microbial-count, VLC, APC, LI and CMI; however, system-productivity was ∼4.1 % lower than N1 in this two-years\' short-study which further need investigation in multi-location long-term experiments. Overall, the dual-crop basis ZT + R at 6 t ha-1 year-1 + NF-based ONMPs (N5) may harness higher and sustained productivity under SWCS besides advancing soil-health and soil carbon-pools in sandy-loam soils of north-Indian plains and similar soils across south-Asia.