由CUB和寿司多域2(CSMD2)编码的蛋白质可能参与调节免疫系统的补体级联反应。然而,目前关于CSMD2在泛癌症中的综合作用的科学证据相对缺乏.因此,在这项研究中,我们使用TCGA探索了泛癌中CSMD2的转录水平,GEO,和国际癌症基因组联盟数据库。采用受试者工作特征曲线分析研究CSMD2的诊断效能。使用Kaplan-MeierPlotter和Oncolnc研究CSMD2表达与预后的相关性。此外,我们基于UALCAN分析了表观遗传甲基化与CSMD2表达在各种癌症中的相关性,还有,CSMD2与肿瘤突变负荷(TMB)的相关性,微卫星不稳定性(MSI),和肿瘤中的肿瘤新抗原负荷(TNB)。采用TIMER2.0数据库研究肿瘤微环境和免疫检查点中CSMD2与免疫细胞之间的相关性。基于TISIDB,分析CSMD2与MHC分子和免疫刺激因子的相关性。最终,我们通过泛癌症分析观察到,CSMD2在大多数肿瘤中上调,并且具有中等至高的诊断效率,高表达与肿瘤患者的不良预后密切相关。此外,在大多数癌症中也观察到CSMD2启动子的高甲基化和高水平的m6A甲基化调节因子。CSMD2在胃腺癌(STAD)、胃食管癌(STES)中的表达与TMB、MSI呈负相关,以及肿瘤突变负担,微卫星不稳定,头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSC)的TNB。在大多数癌症中,CSMD2可能与免疫逃避或免疫抑制有关。在这项研究中还观察到抗肿瘤免疫力不足和免疫检查点上调。总之,CSMD2可以作为一个有希望的预后,泛癌症的诊断和免疫生物标志物。
The protein encoded by CUB and Sushi Multiple Domains 2 (
CSMD2) is likely involved in regulating the complement cascade reaction of the immune system. However, current scientific evidence on the comprehensive roles of
CSMD2 in pan-cancer is relatively scarce. Therefore, in this study, we explored the transcriptional level of
CSMD2 in pan-caner using TCGA, GEO, and International Cancer Genome Consortium databases. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of CSMD2. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter and Oncolnc were used to investigate the correlation between
CSMD2 expression and prognosis. Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between epigenetic methylation and CSMD2 expression in various cancers based on UALCAN, as well as, the correlation between
CSMD2 and tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor neoantigen burden (TNB) in tumors. TIMER2.0 database was employed to investigate the correlation between CSMD2 and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and immune checkpoints. Based on TISIDB, the correlation between CSMD2 and MHC molecules and immunostimulators was analyzed. Ultimately, we observed with a pan-cancer analysis that CSMD2 was upregulated in most tumors and had moderate to high diagnostic efficiency, and that high expression was closely associated with poor prognosis in patients with tumors. Moreover, hypermethylation of CSMD2 promoter and high levels of m6A methylation regulators were also observed in most cancers. CSMD2 expression was negatively correlated with TMB and MSI in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) and stomach and esophageal carcinoma (STES), as well as with tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and TNB in head-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). In most cancers, CSMD2 might be associated with immune evasion or immunosuppression, as deficient anti-tumor immunity and upregulation of immune checkpoints were also observed in this study. In conclusion, CSMD2 could serve as a promising prognostic, diagnostic and immune biomarker in pan-cancer.