背景:SARS-CoV-2,一种高度动态的β-冠状病毒,可以折磨所有年龄组。值得注意的是,到目前为止,已经有超过16100名儿童死亡的记录。在这方面,许多疫苗项目正在运作,以评估年轻群体的免疫效力。大量报告证明了这些免疫技术在老年人群中的功效,尽管对儿童的影响尚未确定。
目的:本综述旨在概述当前贡献疫苗技术的功效,并研究免疫方案在降低儿童和青少年SARS-CoV-2感染风险方面的剂量依赖性影响。此外,本综述仅估计了当前剂量下疫苗的影响.
方法:共52篇研究论文摘自PubMed,PubmedCentral,科学直接,研究门,谷歌学者和语义学者进行了筛选,并强调专利。纳入标准涉及与年轻队列中有效的贡献疫苗候选物直接或间接相关的所有已发表报告。不相关的研究论文被排除在研究之外。关键搜索术语包括疫苗标识符的信息,比如名字,类型和临床试验ID,并先后限于儿童和儿童年龄组。
结果:几种疫苗设计,例如基于mRNA的疫苗接种,病毒载体疫苗,DNA疫苗,灭活疫苗,重组疫苗,和基于蛋白质的免疫接种,正在临床试验的各个阶段进行检查,以评估对儿童和青少年的影响。参考已发表的报告,mRNA1273(格林尼治标准时间1610;6-10年,格林尼治标准时间1401;12-15年),BNT162b2(1407GMT;6个月-<2年,格林尼治标准时间1535;2-4年,格林尼治标准时间4583;5-11年,1239.5GMT;12-15年)和Ad5nCoV(1037.5GMT;6-17年)与MVC-COV1901(648.5GMT;12-17年)和ZyCoV-D(133.49GMT;12-17年)相比,具有相对较高的血清转化率,产生适度的免疫反应。
结论:目前,世卫组织正在分析新出现的证据,以发布为儿童和青少年接种疫苗的紧急使用清单。
BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2, a highly dynamic beta-coronavirus, can afflict all age groups. Notably, over 16100 mortalities have been recorded among children as yet. In this regard, many vaccine projects are operational to assess immuno-potency among young cohorts. A bulk of reports have evidenced the efficacy of these immunization technologies in the elderly population, though the impact is yet to be determined among children.
OBJECTIVE: This review is envisioned to outline the current efficacy of contributing vaccine technologies and examine the dose-dependent impact of immunization regimens in lowering the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infections among children and adolescents. Furthermore, the current review exclusively estimated the vaccine impact at current doses.
METHODS: A total of 52 research papers extracted from PubMed, Pubmed Central, Science Direct, Research Gate, Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar were screened along with an emphasis on patents. Inclusion criteria involved all published reports directly or indirectly linked to the contributing vaccine candidates that are operational among the young cohort. Unrelated research papers were excluded from the study. Key search terminologies included information on vaccine identifiers, such as name, type and clinical trial ID, and successively restricted to children and adolscents age groups.
RESULTS: Several vaccine designs, such as mRNA-based vaccinations, viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccines, inactivated vaccines, recombinant vaccines, and protein-based immunizations, are being examined at various stages of clinical trials to gauge the effects on children and adolescents. With reference to the published reports, the mRNA 1273 (1610 GMT; 6-10 yrs, 1401 GMT; 12-15 yrs), BNT162b2 (1407 GMT; 6 months- <2 yrs, 1535 GMT; 2-4 yrs, 4583 GMT; 5-11 yrs, 1239.5 GMT; 12-15 yrs) and Ad5 nCoV (1037.5 GMT; 6-17 yrs) offered relatively high neutralization titers with sharp seroconversion rates compared to MVC-COV1901 (648.5 GMT; 12-17 yrs) and ZyCoV-D (133.49 GMT; 12-17 yrs), which produced modest immune responses.
CONCLUSIONS: Currently, the WHO is analyzing emerging evidence to issue an emergency use list of vaccines for vaccinating children and adolescents.