我们在这里提供了表面活性剂与病毒相互作用的一般观点,特别强调如何控制这种相互作用并将其用于抑制包膜病毒的感染性,包括冠状病毒.目的是为来自不同领域的感兴趣的科学家提供,包括化学,物理学,生物化学,和医学,概述表面活性剂和(电晕)病毒的基本性质,这与理解两者之间的相互作用有关。表面活性剂和病毒之间的各种类型的相互作用是重要的,它们作用于病毒的不同成分,如脂质包膜,膜(包膜)蛋白和核衣壳蛋白。因此,这不能详细说明所有相关方面,而是总结不同学科之间的桥梁。我们描述了概念并介绍了相关文献的选择,以鼓励深入了解相关材料。我们的重点是围绕SARS-CoV-2引起的COVID-19大流行的最新发展,表面活性剂对病毒的应用,以及未来可能使用表面活性剂来缓解大流行。我们还涵盖了使用表面活性剂对抗病毒感染的历史发展的最重要方面。我们得出结论,表面活性剂已经在防御病毒的各个方向上发挥了非常重要的作用,要么直接,就像消毒一样,或作为用于预防或治疗的药物递送系统的载体组分。通过设计量身定制的表面活性剂,因此,先进的配方,人们可以期待越来越有效地使用表面活性剂,直接作为抗病毒化合物或作为更复杂的制剂的一部分。
We provide here a general view on the interactions of surfactants with viruses, with a particular emphasis on how such interactions can be controlled and employed for inhibiting the infectivity of enveloped viruses, including coronaviruses. The aim is to provide to interested scientists from different fields, including chemistry, physics, biochemistry, and medicine, an overview of the basic properties of surfactants and (corona)viruses, which are relevant to understanding the interactions between the two. Various types of interactions between surfactant and virus are important, and they act on different components of a virus such as the lipid envelope, membrane (envelope) proteins and nucleocapsid proteins. Accordingly, this cannot be a detailed account of all relevant aspects but instead a summary that bridges between the different disciplines. We describe concepts and cover a selection of the relevant literature as an incentive for diving deeper into the relevant material. Our focus is on more recent developments around the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, applications of surfactants against the virus, and on the potential future use of surfactants for pandemic relief. We also cover the most important aspects of the historical development of using surfactants in combatting virus infections. We conclude that surfactants are already playing very important roles in various directions of defence against viruses, either directly, as in disinfection, or as carrier components of drug delivery systems for prophylaxis or treatment. By designing tailor-made surfactants, and consequently, advanced formulations, one can expect more and more effective use of surfactants, either directly as antiviral compounds or as part of more complex formulations.