背景:遵循加拿大食品指南(CFG)的建议应确保足够的营养素摄入量。老年人对某些营养素和营养密度的需求增加;遵守CFG建议可以在多大程度上帮助减少营养摄入不足尚不清楚。
目的:我们的目的是评估2015年加拿大社区健康调查(CCHS)-营养中65岁及以上成年人对健康食物选择的CFG建议的依从性与关键营养素摄入量之间的关系。
方法:对2015年CCHS4,093名老年人的营养数据进行二次分析(平均年龄,73.6年,54%女性)。使用面试官管理的24小时饮食回忆来测量饮食摄入量,其中包括一个子样本中的一个重复(42%)。国家癌症研究所多变量方法用于估计通常(即,长期)饮食摄入量。使用健康饮食指数(HEFI)-2019评分衡量对CFG建议的依从性。简单的线性和逻辑回归模型估计了HEFI-2019评分增加对常规营养素摄入量和营养素摄入量不足的患病率的影响(即,低于估计的平均需求),分别。
结果:与HEFI-2019评分中位数(46.4/80分)摄入不足的患病率相比,较高的HEFI-2019(+11分)与镁摄入不足的患病率降低有关,维生素B6和蛋白质(-19.8%[95CI:-30.8,-8.9],-12.7%[95CI:-22.5,-3.0],和-4.7%[95CI:-9.4,-0.1],分别)。相比之下,较高HEFI-2019评分的数据与叶酸摄入不足的患病率增加相符,维生素D,和钙(4.0%[95CI:-8.4,16.3],2.6%[95CI:1.1,4.0],和2.3%[95CI:-3.0,7.5],分别)。
结论:根据2015年加拿大老年人的饮食摄入量,增加对CFG健康食物选择建议的遵守程度可能会减少除叶酸外的大多数关键营养素的营养摄入不足,维生素D和钙。
Following Canada\'s food guide (
CFG) recommendations should ensure adequate nutrient intakes. Older adults have increased needs for certain nutrients and nutrient density; the extent to which adherence to
CFG recommendations can help reduce inadequate nutrient intakes is unknown.
We aimed to assess the relationship between adherence to
CFG recommendations on healthy food choices and intake of key nutrients in adults 65 y and older from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2015 - Nutrition.
Secondary analysis of data from 4093 older adults of the Canadian Community Health Survey 2015 - Nutrition (mean age, 73.6 y, 54% females). Dietary intakes were measured using an interviewer-administered 24-h dietary recall, including 1 repeat in a subsample (42%). The National Cancer Institute multivariate method was used to estimate usual (i.e., long-term) dietary intakes. Adherence to
CFG recommendations was measured using the Healthy Eating Food Index (HEFI)-2019 score. Simple linear and logistic regression models estimated the effect of increased HEFI-2019 score on usual nutrient intakes and the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes (i.e., below the estimated average requirements), respectively.
Compared with the prevalence of inadequate intakes at median HEFI-2019 score (46.4/80 points), a higher HEFI-2019 (+11 points) was associated with reductions in the prevalence of inadequate intakes of magnesium, vitamin B6 and protein [-19.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): -30.8, -8.9), -12.7% (95% CI: -22.5, -3.0), and -4.7% (95% CI: -9.4, -0.1), respectively]. In contrast, data for higher HEFI-2019 scores were compatible with increased prevalence of inadequate intakes of folate, vitamin D, and calcium [4.0% (95% CI: -8.4, 16.3), 2.6% (95% CI: 1.1, 4.0), and 2.3% (95% CI: -3.0, 7.5), respectively].
Based on dietary intakes of Canadian older adults in 2015, increasing the degree of adherence to
CFG recommendations on healthy food choices may reduce nutrient intake inadequacy for most key nutrients except folate, vitamin D, and calcium.