背景:Elaeocarpusspp。枯萎病,由假钩虫引起的,是一种破坏性疾病,这将显着降低Elaeocarpusspp的生产率和寿命。植物,尤其是在中国的广东省。然而,几乎没有什么信息可供使用。为了揭示茎适应的潜在适应机制,通过使用DNBSEQ和PacBio平台对卡卡比可拉疟原虫的全基因组进行测序。
结果:P.elaeocarpicola拥有44.49Mb基因组和10894个预测编码基因。基因组分析显示,卡氏疟原虫基因组编码大量致病性相关基因。对碳水化合物活性酶(CAZymes)的分析表明,丰富的多种酶参与了植物细胞壁的降解,可以有效降解纤维素,半纤维素和木葡聚糖在植物细胞壁和促进宿主植物的入侵。在P.elaeocarpicola中发现了213个CAZyme家族,其中糖苷水解酶(GH)家族数量最多,远远超过其他测试真菌的53%。此外,P.elaeocarpicola编码几丁质和纤维素降解的基因是寄生虫的两倍,属于同一个家庭。预测的典型分泌蛋白是大量的和功能性的。包括许多已知的毒力效应因子,这表明白杨具有分泌毒力效应子促进寄主植物致病性的潜力。AntiSMASH揭示基因组编码61个次级代谢基因簇,包括86个次级代谢核心基因,其远高于寄生梭菌(49)。其中,白杨的两个基因簇,cluster12和cluster52与来自士曲霉和链格孢菌的霉菌毒素合成簇显示出100%的相似性,分别。此外,我们注释了细胞色素P450相关酶,运输商,和P.elaeocarpicola中的转录因子,是病原真菌的重要毒力决定因素。
结论:综合来看,我们的研究代表了第一个基因组组装,并揭示了关键的毒力因子的致病过程中,这将促进我们对其致病机制的理解。获得的知识为进一步探索与宿主的分子相互作用奠定了基础,并为未来的研究管理策略提供了目标。
BACKGROUND: Elaeocarpus spp. stem blight, caused by Pseudocryphonectria elaeocarpicola, is a destructive disease, which will significantly reduce the productivity and longevity of Elaeocarpus spp. plants, especially in the Guangdong Province of China. However, few information is available for P. elaeocarpicola. To unravel the potential adaptation mechanism of stem adaptation, the whole genome of P. elaeocarpicola was sequenced by using the DNBSEQ and PacBio platforms.
RESULTS: P. elaeocarpicola harbors 44.49 Mb genome with 10,894 predicted coding genes. Genome analysis revealed that the P. elaeocarpicola genome encodes a plethora of pathogenicity-related genes. Analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes (
CAZymes) revealed a rich variety of enzymes participated in plant cell wall degradation, which could effectively degrade cellulose, hemicellulose and xyloglucans in the plant cell wall and promote the invasion of the host plant. There are 213 CAZyme families found in P. elaeocarpicola, among which glycoside hydrolase (GH) family has the largest number, far exceeding other tested fungi by 53%. Besides, P. elaeocarpicola has twice as many genes encoding chitin and cellulose degradation as Cryphonectria parasitica, which belong to the same family. The predicted typical secreted proteins of P. elaeocarpicola are numerous and functional, including many known virulence effector factors, indicating that P. elaeocarpicola has great potential to secrete virulence effectors to promote pathogenicity on host plants. AntiSMASH revealed that the genome encoded 61 secondary metabolic gene clusters including 86 secondary metabolic core genes which was much higher than C. parasitica (49). Among them, two gene cluster of P. elaeocarpicola, cluster12 and cluster52 showed 100% similarity with the mycotoxins synthesis clusters from Aspergillus steynii and Alternaria alternata, respectively. In addition, we annotated cytochrome P450 related enzymes, transporters, and transcription factors in P. elaeocarpicola, which are important virulence determinants of pathogenic fungi.
CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our study represents the first genome assembly for P. elaeocarpicola and reveals the key virulence factors in the pathogenic process of P. elaeocarpicola, which will promote our understanding of its pathogenic mechanism. The acquired knowledge lays a foundation for further exploration of molecular interactions with the host and provide target for management strategies in future research.