大量胃癌患者对化疗和靶向治疗不敏感,没有根治性手术的机会,所以免疫疗法可能为他们提供一个新的选择。嵌合抗原受体(CAR)-T细胞疗法具有特异性高等优点,更强的杀伤力,和更持久的疗效,它在未来具有GC的潜力。然而,它的应用在准确性方面仍然面临许多障碍,功效,和安全。细胞因子可以介导迁移,扩散,和免疫细胞的存活,调节免疫反应的持续时间和强度,并参与CAR-T细胞治疗中严重副作用的发生。特定细胞因子的表达水平与发生、发展有关,入侵,转移,和GC的预后。细胞因子及其受体在CAR-T细胞治疗中的应用已经出现,和各种细胞因子及其受体有助于提高CAR-T细胞抗肿瘤能力。这种疗法中大量的中枢细胞因子包括趋化因子,白细胞介素(IL),转化生长因子-β(TGF-β),和集落刺激因子(CSF)。同时,研究人员探索了治疗GC的联合疗法,应用于其他恶性肿瘤的几种方法也可以作为参考。因此,我们的综述全面概述了细胞因子的生物学功能和临床意义,并总结了利用细胞因子优化CAR-T细胞治疗GC的最新进展和创新策略.
Enormous patients with gastric cancer (GC) are insensitive to chemotherapy and targeted therapy without the chance of radical surgery, so immunotherapy may supply a novel choice for them. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has the advantages of higher specificity, stronger lethality, and longer-lasting efficacy, and it has the potential for GC in the future. However, its application still faces numerous obstacles in terms of accuracy, efficacy, and safety. Cytokines can mediate the migration, proliferation, and survival of immune cells, regulate the duration and strength of immune responses, and are involved in the occurrence of severe side effects in CAR-T cell therapy. The expression levels of specific cytokines are associated with the genesis, invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of GC. Applications of cytokines and their receptors in CAR-T cell therapy have emerged, and various cytokines and their receptors have contributed to improving CAR-T cell anti-tumor capabilities. Large amounts of central cytokines in this therapy include chemokines, interleukins (ILs), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and colony-stimulating factors (CSFs). Meanwhile, researchers have explored the combination therapy in treating GC, and several approaches applied to other malignancies can also be considered as references. Therefore, our review comprehensively outlines the biological functions and clinical significance of cytokines and summarizes current advances and innovative strategies for harnessing cytokines to optimize CAR-T cell therapy for GC.