Over the last decade, discovery of novel therapeutic method has been attention by the researchers and has changed the therapeutic perspective of hematological malignancies. Although NK cell play a pivotal role in the elimination of abnormal and cancerous cells, there are evidence that NK cell are disarm in hematological malignancy. Chimeric antigen receptor NK (CAR-NK) cell therapy, which includes the engineering of NK cells to detect tumor-specific antigens and, as a result, clear of cancerous cells, has created various clinical advantage for several human malignancies treatment. In the current review, we summarized NK cell dysfunction and CAR-NK cell based immunotherapy to treat AML patient.

Pancreatic cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death, but despondently, the outlook and prognosis for this resistant type of tumor have remained grim for a long time. Currently, it is extremely challenging to prevent or detect it early enough for effective treatment because patients rarely exhibit symptoms and there are no reliable indicators for detection. Most patients have advanced or spreading cancer that is difficult to treat, and treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy can only slightly prolong their life by a few months. Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of pancreatic cancer, yet its effectiveness is limited by the tumor\'s immunosuppressive and hard-to-reach microenvironment. First, this article explains the immunosuppressive microenvironment of pancreatic cancer and highlights a wide range of immunotherapy options, including therapies involving oncolytic viruses, modified T cells (T-cell receptor [TCR]-engineered and chimeric antigen receptor [CAR] T-cell therapy), CAR natural killer cell therapy, cytokine-induced killer cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunomodulators, cancer vaccines, and strategies targeting myeloid cells in the context of contemporary knowledge and future trends. Lastly, it discusses the main challenges ahead of pancreatic cancer immunotherapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cell therapy has the advantages of a low incidence of side effects and a low cost. However, the clinical outcomes are not satisfactory due to limited antitumor effects and a limited proliferative capacity. Recently, progress in CAR-NK cell therapy has been made in NK cell engineering, target design and combination with other agents to treat relapsed or refractory hematological malignancies, especially acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma. This correspondence summarizes the preclinical and clinical updates for universal CAR-NK cell therapy reported at the ASH 2022 annual meeting.