在低收入和中等收入国家中,人畜共患溢出事件和病毒突变的频率越来越高,这给全球卫生带来了严峻的挑战。促成因素包括食用丛林肉等文化习俗,野生动物传统医药贸易,栖息地破坏,以及贫困定居点对自然栖息地的侵蚀。许多发展中国家现有的“疫苗缺口”通过允许不受控制的病毒复制和新型突变病毒的出现而加剧了这种情况。尽管全球卫生政策解决了人畜共患疾病出现的根本原因,严重缺乏以预防为导向的具体举措,对弱势群体构成潜在风险。这篇文章是针对政策制定者,公共卫生专业人员,研究人员,和全球卫生利益相关者,特别是那些在低收入和中等收入国家从事人畜共患疾病预防和控制的人。本文强调了在动物-人类界面评估潜在的人畜共患疾病并理解导致溢出事件的历史因素的重要性。为了弥合政策差距,提出了包括教育在内的综合战略,合作,专门工作队,环境采样,建立综合诊断实验室。这些策略提倡简单和统一,打破障碍,并将人类置于应对全球卫生挑战的最前沿。面对新出现的人畜共患威胁,这种战略和精神上的转变对于构建一个更具弹性和公平的世界至关重要。
The increasing frequency of zoonotic spillover events and viral mutations in low and middle-income countries presents a critical global health challenge. Contributing factors encompass cultural practices like
bushmeat consumption, wildlife trade for traditional medicine, habitat disruption, and the encroachment of impoverished settlements onto natural habitats. The existing \"vaccine gap\" in many developing countries exacerbates the situation by allowing unchecked viral replication and the emergence of novel mutant viruses. Despite global health policies addressing the root causes of zoonotic disease emergence, there is a significant absence of concrete prevention-oriented initiatives, posing a potential risk to vulnerable populations. This article is targeted at policymakers, public health professionals, researchers, and global health stakeholders, particularly those engaged in zoonotic disease prevention and control in low and middle-income countries. The article underscores the importance of assessing potential zoonotic diseases at the animal-human interface and comprehending historical factors contributing to spillover events. To bridge policy gaps, comprehensive strategies are proposed that include education, collaborations, specialized task forces, environmental sampling, and the establishment of integrated diagnostic laboratories. These strategies advocate simplicity and unity, breaking down barriers, and placing humanity at the forefront of addressing global health challenges. Such a strategic and mental shift is crucial for constructing a more resilient and equitable world in the face of emerging zoonotic threats.