背景:布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌属的细菌病原体引起的人畜共患疾病。它是全球最常见的细菌性人畜共患病之一,但不幸的是,在发展中国家,它仍然被认为是一种被忽视的疾病。保持在视野中,本研究旨在确定巴基斯坦木尔坦地区城市和农村地区大型反刍动物布鲁氏菌病的患病率和危险因素.为此,从研究区域的牛(n=245)和水牛(n=245)人群中收集血液样本(n=490),并使用本地和进口的RBPT试剂对布鲁氏菌病进行初步筛查。使用市售的多物种间接ELISA试剂盒进一步分析所有样品,然后使用属和物种特异性引物通过PCR进行确认。从实验室分析和问卷调查中获得的数据进行了皮尔逊卡方的统计分析,赔率比和置信区间(95%)。
结果:结果表明,使用局部RBPT试剂记录了最大血清阳性(VRI,巴基斯坦;12.45%;95CI=9.72-15.65%),其次是RBPT-IDEXX(12.24%;95CI=9.52-15.45%)和RBPT-ID。兽医(11.84%;95CI=9.18-14.95%),但统计学差异无统计学意义(P=0.956)。ELISA结果显示,总体血清阳性率为11.22%(95CI=8.59-14.33%),与水牛(9.80%;95CI=6.49-14.15%)相比,牛的阳性率更高(12.65%;95CI=8.82-17.44%)。PCR分析证实所有血清阳性样品中都存在布鲁氏菌属,而血清阳性样品中流产芽孢杆菌和melitensis的频率分别为80%和20%。分别。在5.45%的样品中也观察到两种物种的共存。统计分析表明,牛布鲁氏菌病与牛群大小有显著关联,品种,生殖障碍,授精模式,教育状况和农民对布鲁氏菌病的认识(P<0.05)。相反,局部性,年龄,体重,性别,怀孕状态,胎次和青春期状态与布鲁氏菌病无关(P>0.05)。
结论:结论:布鲁氏菌病在木尔坦地区的大型反刍动物中普遍存在,巴基斯坦。建议制定和实施严格的政策,以有效控制和预防该地区的布鲁氏菌病。Further,根据目前的情况,还需要从一个健康角度加强兽医和医生之间的跨学科协调,以确保和加强该地区的人类和动物卫生保健系统。
BACKGROUND: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a bacterial pathogen belonging to the genus Brucella. It is one of the most frequent bacterial zoonoses globally but unfortunately, it is still considered as a neglected disease in the developing world. Keeping in view, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk determinants of brucellosis in large ruminants of peri-urban and rural areas of district Multan-Pakistan. For this purpose, blood samples (n = 490) were collected from the cattle (n = 245) and buffalo (n = 245) population of the study area and subjected to preliminary screening of brucellosis using local and imported RBPT reagents. All the samples were further analyzed using commercially available multi-specie indirect ELISA kit followed by their confirmation by PCR using genus and species-specific primers. Data obtained from lab analysis and questionnaires were subjected to statistical analysis for Pearson Chi-square, Odds Ratio and Confidence intervals (95%).
RESULTS: The results showed that the maximum seropositivity was recorded with local RBPT reagent (VRI, Pakistan; 12.45%; 95%CI = 9.72-15.65%) followed by RBPT-IDEXX (12.24%; 95%CI = 9.52-15.45%) and RBPT-ID.vet (11.84%; 95%CI = 9.18-14.95%) however statistical difference was non-significant (P = 0.956). The ELISA results showed an overall seroprevalence rate of 11.22% (95%CI = 8.59-14.33%) with comparatively higher rate in cattle (12.65%; 95%CI = 8.82-17.44%) as compared to buffaloes (9.80%; 95%CI = 6.49-14.15%). The PCR analysis confirmed the presence of genus Brucella in all seropositive samples whereas frequency of B. abortus and B. melitensis in seropositive samples was 80% and 20%, respectively. The co-existence of both species was also observed in 5.45% samples. The statistical analysis showed a significant association of bovine brucellosis with herd size, breed, reproductive disorders, mode of insemination, educational status and farmers\' awareness about brucellosis (P < 0.05). Conversely, locality, age, weight, gender, pregnancy status, parity and puberty status had no associations with brucellosis (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, brucellosis is prevalent in large ruminants of district Multan, Pakistan. It is suggested to devise and implement stringent policies for the effective control and prevention of brucellosis in the region. Further, the current situation also warrants the need to strengthen interdisciplinary coordination among veterinarians and physicians in one health perspective to ensure and strengthen the human and animal health care systems in the region.