婴幼儿的优质补充喂养(CF)是其生长发育的关键。但在约旦,提供适当的CF仍然是一个挑战。这项研究评估了婴幼儿喂养(IYCF)实践的趋势,以及6-23个月的婴幼儿食用母乳替代品(BMS),含糖饮料(SSB),从1990年到2017年,约旦富含微量营养素的食物。我们结合了来自六个人口与健康调查(DHS)(n=14,880名儿童)的婴幼儿饮食数据,以计算IYCF指标。后者包括最低饮食多样性(MDD),最小用餐频率(MMF),和最低可接受饮食(MAD),以及摄入富含微量营养素的食物和食物组,特定的SSB,婴儿配方奶粉。我们使用逻辑回归模型进行了趋势分析,调整了儿童的月龄,儿童年龄的平方,各省,城市/农村住宅,母亲的教育程度,家庭财富五分之一。我们发现,在1990年至2017年之间,富含微量营养素的食物组的消费比例显着下降,婴幼儿食用鸡蛋的比例较少(OR=0.39,p≤0.001,2002年参考)。肉,家禽,和鱼(OR=0.25,p≤0.001,2002年参考),乳制品(OR=0.59,p≤0.001,2002年参考)和富含维生素A的水果和蔬菜(OR=0.66,p≤0.001,2002年参考)。相反,BMS和含糖果汁的使用量增加,同时符合适当CF做法和食用富含微量营养素的食品和食品组的婴幼儿比例下降.到2017年,6-23个月的儿童患MDD的可能性大大降低。MMF,随后MAD;消耗BMS的几率几乎是参考的三倍(OR=3.8,p≤0.001,1990年参考),消费含糖果汁的几率也是如此(OR=3.63,p≤0.001,1990年参考)。约旦的粮食不安全和营养不良程度很低;然而,超重和肥胖率与微量营养素缺乏同时增加。这凸显了决策者需要解决个人和家庭层面的因素(行为和做法)以及环境问题(增加获取不健康和超加工食品的机会)。
Quality complementary feeding (CF) of infants and young children is key to their growth and development. But in Jordan, providing appropriate CF remains a challenge. This study assesses trends in infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, and consumption by infants and young children aged 6-23 months of breast milk substitutes (BMSs), sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and micronutrient-rich foods in Jordan from 1990 to 2017. We combined dietary data on infants and young children from six Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) (n = 14,880 children) to compute IYCF indicators. The latter included minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD), as well as intake of micronutrient-rich foods and food groups, specific SSBs, and infant formula. We conducted trend analyses using logistic regression models adjusted for child\'s age in month, child age squared, governorates, urban/rural residence, mother\'s educational attainment, and household wealth quintiles. We found that the proportion of consumption of micronutrient-rich food groups declined significantly between 1990 and 2017, with fewer infants and young children consuming eggs (OR = 0.39, p ≤ 0.001, 2002 reference), meat, poultry, and fish (OR = 0.25, p ≤ 0.001, 2002 reference), dairy (OR = 0.59, p ≤ 0.001, 2002 reference) and Vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables (OR = 0.66, p ≤ 0.001, 2002 reference). Conversely, there was increased use of BMSs and sugar-sweetened juices that paralleled a decline in the share of infants and young children meeting appropriate CF practices and consuming micronutrient-rich foods and food groups. By 2017, children aged 6-23 months were significantly less likely to meet MDD, MMF, and subsequently MAD; the odds of consuming BMSs were almost three times the reference (OR = 3.8, p ≤ 0.001, 1990 reference), as were the odds of consuming sugar sweetened juices (OR = 3.63, p ≤ 0.001, 1990 reference). Food insecurity and undernutrition are low in Jordan; however, overweight and obesity rates are increasing concurrently as are micronutrient deficiencies. This highlights the need for policymakers to address factors at individual and household levels (behaviours and practices) as well as environmental issues (increasing access to unhealthy and ultraprocessed foods).