Primary breast tuberculosis is a rare disease under extrapulmonary tuberculosis category. It tends to affect females of reproductive age rather than postmenopausal women or prepubescent girls. This rare form of disease poses a challenge in diagnosing as imaging can mimic the appearance of both benign and malignant breast lesions. We describe a case of primary breast tuberculosis in a young female who presented with a persistent left breast lump. and was diagnosed with chronic left breast abscess. Histopathological examination of the lesion was consistent with granulomatous mastitis, secondary to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The patient was treated with a 6-month course of anti-tuberculosis drug with complete resolution of the symptoms and the left breast lesion on serial ultrasound imaging.

UNASSIGNED: Breast cancer is a prevalent global health concern characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in breast tissue. In 2020, approximately 2.3 million cases were reported worldwide, with 162,468 new cases and 87,090 fatalities documented in India in 2018. Early diagnosis is crucial for reducing mortality. Our study focused on the use of markers such as the triglyceride-glycemic index and hematological markers to distinguish between benign and malignant breast masses.
UNASSIGNED: A prospective cross-sectional study included female patients with breast mass complaints. The target sample size was 200. Data collection included medical history, clinical breast examination, mammography, cytological assessment via fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and blood sample collection. The analyzed parameters included neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and triglyceride-glycemic index (TyG). Histopathological examination confirmed the FNAC results. Statistical analysis including propensity score matching, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, receiver\'s operator curve (ROC) analysis, and logistic regression models was conducted using SPSS and R Software. Additional validation was performed on 25 participants.
UNASSIGNED: This study included 200 participants. 109 had benign tumors and 91 had malignant tumors. Propensity score matching balanced covariates. NLR did not significantly differ between the groups, while PLR and TyG index differed significantly. NLR correlated strongly with the breast cancer stage, but not with the BI-RADS score. PLR and TyG index showed moderate positive correlations with the BI-RADS score. ROC analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff values for PLR and TyG index. Logistic regression models combining PLR and TyG index significantly improved malignancy prediction.
UNASSIGNED: TyG index and PLR show potential as adjunctive markers for distinguishing breast masses. NLR correlated with cancer stage but not lesion type. Combining TyG and PLR improves prediction, aiding clinical decisions, but large-scale multicenter trials and long-term validation are required for clinical implementation.

Background Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women in the world. Timely detection is important to reduce the rate of deaths. Among the various screening modalities, self-breast examination is suggested as an easy, inexpensive method, especially in low-resource settings. Objective To understand women\'s perspective on self-breast examination and analyze the benefits and barriers of self-breast examination. Method The total number of study participants was 100. After obtaining informed consent, the study participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire on their perspective towards self-breast examination along with the benefits and barriers of performing the examination. Results Among the study participants, 66% of women were aware of self-breast examination. Only 8% were aware of the age to begin self-breast examination. Lack of privacy was considered as a barrier in 18% of women and embarrassment as a barrier was 14%. Almost all (99%) agreed that completing a self-breast examination each month may help them find breast lumps early. Conclusion The participants were reasonably aware of the term self-breast examination. But the clearcut procedure, the age to begin the examination and changes to be picked up on the examination were all unknown and hence must be emphasized at the society level. Overcoming the barriers and accepting the benefits of self-breast examinations are necessary to adopt this examination as a regular practice.

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This report discusses a case of a 27-year-old female with histopathological examination results of multiple epidermal inclusion cysts (EICs) coexisting with fibroadenoma without any involvement of breast skin. EIC should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses for benign breast lesions. Radiological evaluation, with surgical excision and histopathologic examination, remains the gold standard for the management of EIC. This report aims to increase the level of awareness on the existence of EIC in the breast parenchyma and the possibility of it coexisting with or arising from other benign breast lesions like fibroadenoma.

Dirofilaria, commonly known as heartworm, is a parasitic nematode that primarily infects canines. However, human infections have been reported and can present as subcutaneous nodules in different parts of the body. We present a case of a 43-year-old female who presented with a breast lump that was ultimately diagnosed as a Dirofilaria infection, a rare occurrence in humans. This case report shows that considering parasites in unusual presentations is of utmost importance, especially in regions known to have a high prevalence of such infections.

Human cysticercosis can affect any tissue or organ in the body and may be asymptomatic or manifest clinical signs and symptoms depending on the area of the body where cysticerci are found. However, at the same time, the involvement of the breast by cysticercosis is an extremely rare phenomenon, with very few case reports published before. In this report, we present the case of a 26-year-old married woman who came with a history of painless swelling in the left breast.

The co-existence of granulomatous mastitis and collagenous spherulosis in a breast lump is an uncommon finding. The awareness of cytomorphological features can help corroborate a cytological diagnosis. A palpable breast lump in an elderly female warrants urgent attention and fine needle aspiration is a rapid, reliable method of evaluation. An elderly female with a firm breast lump mimicking malignancy was subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Smears showed ill-formed granulomas, inflammatory cells and homogeneous hyaline stromal globular elements intermingled with the benign ductal epithelial and myoepithelial cells.