近几十年来,食物系统一直面临着食物浪费增加的重大问题。因此,饲料工业,在科学研究的支持下,正在尝试利用废弃的生物质作为畜牧业的副产品,符合欧盟的目标。并行,寻找能够确保动物健康和性能的功能性产品是畜牧业和畜牧业的共同基本目标。在这种情况下,camelina蛋糕(CAMC),卡顿蛋糕(CC)和卡顿餐(CM),由于有价值的营养概况,代表预期的替代方案。因此,这项工作的目的是研究CAMC的抗氧化活性,使用2,2'-嗪双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)(ABTS)体外消化后的CC和CM,铁还原抗氧化能力(FRAP)和氧自由基吸收能力(ORAC)测定。总酚含量(TPC)和血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制活性,积极参与调节抗氧化性能,也被研究过。Further,在体外消化后,采用肽分析来证实生物活性肽的存在。获得的结果证实了CAMC有趣的营养概况,CC和CM以及相关的抗氧化和ACE抑制活性。特别是,考虑到抗氧化剂的特性,CM和CC显示明显更高(10969.80±18.93mgTE/100g和10451.40±149.17mgTE/100g,分别;p<0.05)ABTS值高于CAMC(9511.18±315.29mgTE/100g);FRAP测定也证实了这一趋势(306.74±5.68mgFeSO4/100g;272.84±11.02mgFeSO4/100g;103.84±3.27mgFeSO4/100g,对于CC,CM和CAMC,分别)。对于TPC获得了类似的结果,证明酚类参与调节抗氧化活性。最后,发现CAMC比其他基质具有更高的ACE抑制活性(40.34±10.11%)。此外,与ACE抑制相关的潜在生物活性肽,抗高血压,抗癌,抗菌,抗病毒,抗血栓,在CAMC中鉴定了DPP-IV抑制和PEP抑制活性。这个轮廓比CC和CM更广泛。这些肽的存在证实了样品的抗氧化剂和ACE谱。尽管获得的数据报道了CAMC的重要抗氧化剂特征,CC,和CM,并支持它们的可能使用,未来的调查,特别是体内试验对于评估和进一步研究它们对农场动物的健康和性能的影响至关重要。
In recent decades, the food system has been faced with the significant problem of increasing food waste. Therefore, the feed industry, supported by scientific research, is attempting to valorise the use of discarded biomass as co-products for the livestock sector, in line with EU objectives. In parallel, the search for functional products that can ensure animal health and performances is a common fundamental goal for both animal husbandry and feeding. In this context, camelina cake (CAMC), cardoon cake (CC) and cardoon meal (CM), due valuable nutritional profile, represent prospective alternatives. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the antioxidant activity of CAMC, CC and CM following in vitro digestion using 2,2\'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Total phenolic content (TPC) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, actively involved in modulating antioxidant properties, were also studied. Further, a peptidomic analysis was adopted to substantiate the presence of bioactive peptides after in vitro digestion. The results obtained confirmed an interesting nutritional profile of CAMC, CC and CM and relevant antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities. In particular, considering antioxidant profile, CM and CC revealed a significantly higher (10969.80 ± 18.93 mg TE/100 g and 10451.40 ± 149.17 mg TE/100 g, respectively; p < 0.05) ABTS value than CAMC (9511.18 ± 315.29 mg TE/100 g); a trend also confirmed with the FRAP assay (306.74 ± 5.68 mg FeSO4/100 g; 272.84 ± 11.02 mg FeSO4/100 g; 103.84 ± 3.27 mg FeSO4/100 g, for CC, CM and CAMC, respectively). Similar results were obtained for TPC, demonstrating the involvement of phenols in modulating antioxidant activity. Finally, CAMC was found to have a higher ACE inhibitory activity (40.34 ± 10.11%) than the other matrices. Furthermore, potentially bioactive peptides associated with ACE inhibitory, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antithrombotic, DPP-IV inhibitory and PEP-inhibitory activities were identified in CAMC. This profile was broader than that of CC and CM. The presence of such peptides corroborates the antioxidant and ACE profile of the sample. Although the data obtained report the important antioxidant profile of CAMC, CC, and CM and support their possible use, future investigations, particularly in vivo trials will be critical to evaluate and further investigate their effects on the health and performance of farm animals.