种植体周围炎(PI)是一种慢性,炎症,和影响牙种植体的感染性疾病,与牙周炎(PD)有一定的相似性。有证据表明,PD可能与几种类型的系统性疾病有关,比如糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗,心血管疾病,呼吸道感染,不良妊娠结局,和神经系统疾病。此外,PD中的某些类型的细菌也可以在PI中找到,导致宿主免疫炎症反应的某些相似性。本文旨在讨论PI与神经炎症之间的可能联系。使用基于牙周病研究的信息,一个与系统改变有关的话题已经引起了科学界的兴趣。有关PI的文献,PD,和系统性疾病,比如神经炎症,脑部炎症,和神经紊乱,在PubMed数据库中使用不同的关键字组合进行搜索。发现的所有研究都包括在这篇叙述性综述中。没有使用过滤器。对符合条件的研究进行了仔细的分析和审查。这项研究发现PI和PD发展之间的相似性,维护,以及位于牙齿周围的细菌制剂(牙周炎)或牙科植入物(种植体周围炎)。通过心血管系统,这些病理也可能影响血脑屏障的通透性。此外,科学证据表明,来自PI的微生物(如PD)可以被三叉神经纤维末端识别,并开始进入三叉神经节的炎症反应。此外,细菌可以通过淋巴系统从口腔到大脑。因此,免疫系统会增加大脑中的炎症介质,影响神经组织的稳态,反之亦然。基于微生物的相互关系,炎症,PD和PI之间的免疫学发现,可以推断在PD中观察到的免疫炎症变化可能暗示PI的系统性变化。这个,正如所讨论的,可能导致神经炎症的发展或加剧,有助于神经退行性疾病。
Peri-implantitis (PI) is a chronic, inflammatory, and infectious disease which affects dental implants and has certain similarities to periodontitis (PD). Evidence has shown that PD may be related to several types of systemic disorders, such as diabetes and insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory tract infections, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and neurological disorders. Furthermore, some types of bacteria in PD can also be found in PI, leading to certain similarities in the immunoinflammatory responses in the host. This review aims to discuss the possible connection between PI and neuroinflammation, using information based on studies about periodontal disorders, a topic whose connection with systemic alterations has been gaining the interest of the scientific community. Literature concerning PI, PD, and systemic disorders, such as neuroinflammation, brain inflammation, and neurological disorder, was searched in the PubMed database using different keyword combinations. All studies found were included in this narrative review. No filters were used. Eligible studies were analyzed and reviewed carefully. This study found similarities between PI and PD development, maintenance, and in the bacterial agents located around the teeth (periodontitis) or dental implants (peri-implantitis). Through the cardiovascular system, these pathologies may also affect blood-brain barrier permeability. Furthermore, scientific evidence has suggested that microorganisms from PI (as in PD) can be recognized by trigeminal fiber endings and start inflammatory responses into the trigeminal ganglion. In addition, bacteria can traverse from the mouth to the brain through the lymphatic system. Consequently, the immune system increases inflammatory mediators in the brain, affecting the homeostasis of the nervous tissue and vice-versa. Based on the interrelation of microbiological, inflammatory, and immunological findings between PD and PI, it is possible to infer that immunoinflammatory changes observed in PD can imply systemic changes in PI. This, as discussed, could lead to the development or intensification of neuroinflammatory changes, contributing to neurodegenerative diseases.