背景:生物安全是减少和防止疾病引入农场并最大限度地减少疾病在畜群内传播的关键措施。该研究的目的是描述西班牙奶牛养殖场生物安全措施的当前应用及其牛病毒性腹泻和传染性牛鼻支气管炎的状况。
方法:使用问卷调查收集了124个奶牛群的生物安全措施数据。还使用抗体ELISA评估了这些牛病毒性腹泻和传染性牛鼻支气管炎农场的卫生状况。使用多重对应分析和两步聚类分析对数据进行分析。
结果:确定了三个主要的农场集群:集群1和集群2包括中小规模的畜群。这些,特别是第1组,在控制车辆和访客方面表现出最大的缺陷。然而,实验室测试总是对购买的动物进行.第3组的牛群规模最大,对车辆和游客进行更好的生物安全控制。然而,这个集群中的农场也购买了最多的动物,有时没有测试,更频繁地雇佣外部工人。
结论:研究表明,在研究人群中,在奶牛场应用生物安全措施方面存在严重缺陷,让他们接触疾病传播.这项调查还强调了在实施生物安全方面与区域和牧群规模有关的差异。收集数据是识别不同农场类型中特定弱点的重要第一步,需要采取适当的后续行动,以确保措施在农场得到正确实施。
BACKGROUND: Biosecurity is a key measure to reduce and prevent the introduction of diseases to farms and minimise spread of diseases within a herd. The aim of the study was to characterise the current application of biosecurity measures on dairy cattle farms in Spain along with their bovine viral diarrhoea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis status.
METHODS: Data on biosecurity measures for 124 dairy herds were collected using a questionnaire. The sanitary status of these farms for bovine viral diarrhoea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis was also assessed using antibody ELISA. Data were analysed using multiple correspondence analysis and a two-step cluster analysis.
RESULTS: Three main clusters of farms were identified: clusters 1 and 2 included herds of small and intermediate sizes. These, particularly cluster 1, showed the most deficiencies in the control of vehicles and visitors. However, laboratory tests were always performed on purchased animals. Cluster 3 had the largest herd sizes, with somewhat better biosecurity control of vehicles and visitors. However, farms in this cluster also purchased the most animals, sometimes without testing, and hired external workers more often.
CONCLUSIONS: The study indicated that, in the study population, there are serious shortcomings in the application of biosecurity measures on dairy farms, exposing them to disease transmission. This survey also highlights regional and herd size-related differences in the implementation of biosecurity. Collecting data is an important first step to identification of specific weaknesses in different farm typologies, and an adequate follow-up is needed to ensure that measures are implemented correctly on farms.