背景:冠内漂白是表现出变色的非生命牙齿的保守选择。过氧化氢(H2O2)由于其产生自由基的能力而经常用于漂白过程。目前可用的漂白剂的主要缺点是宫颈再吸收的发生和多次牙科就诊以获得期望的结果。因此,在我们的研究中,为了解决与宫颈吸收和延长牙齿染色不良的治疗持续时间相关的局限性,尝试将增白剂(35%H2O2)与微泡结合。
目的:本研究旨在比较和评估活化和非活化微泡对漂白剂功效的影响。
方法:收集45个人类中切牙,分为三组:I组(HP),H2O2平原(n=15)(对照);第二组(HPM),未经超声激活的H2O2注入微泡(n=15)(实验组);和第III组(HPMU),经超声激活的H2O2注入微泡(n=15)(实验组)。王冠被人工染色。使用探针超声处理方法产生含有35%H2O2的微泡。将漂白剂H2O2原液(0.04mL)注入组I的纸浆室中,注入H2O2的微泡(0.04mL)注射到II组和III组中。第III组进一步超声激活。在三个时间点使用VitaLumin色调指南进行色调差异的评估:基线,第7天和第14天。
结果:使用KolmogorovSmirnov检验研究了使用Vita阴影的颜色变化数据的正态,并评估了非正态分布。每个特定时间间隔的组间比较(基线,第7天和第14天)使用Kruskal-WallisH检验进行分析,然后使用调整后的Bonferroni事后检验进行多对比较。使用Friedman检验的相关样本分析了不同时间间隔之间的组内比较,然后使用事后Dunn检验进行了多次成对比较。在P<0.05时确定有统计学意义的水平。三组的基线值无统计学差异。第I组(HP)分别在第7天和第14天显示三个VitaLumin阴影标签的平均增加,而第II组(HPM)在第7天和第14天分别显示出六个和四个VitaLumin阴影标签的平均增加,和第III组(HPMU)在第7天和第14天分别显示出10和3个VitaLumin阴影标签的平均增加。
结论:含H2O2的微气泡比普通H2O2漂白更有效,更快,当使用超声波技术激活时,漂白的功效得到增强。
BACKGROUND: Intracoronal bleaching serves as a conservative option for nonvital teeth that exhibit discoloration. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is frequently utilized in bleaching processes owing to its capability to produce free radicals. The main drawbacks of the currently available bleaching agents are the occurrence of cervical resorption and the multiple dental visits to achieve the desired result. Therefore, in our study, to address the limitations associated with cervical resorption and extended treatment duration for badly stained teeth, an attempt was made to incorporate a whitening agent (35% H2O2) with microbubbles.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare and evaluate the effect of activated and nonactivated microbubbles on the efficacy of bleaching agents.
METHODS: Forty-five human central incisors were collected and divided into three groups: Group I (HP), H2O2 plain (n = 15) (Control); Group II (HPM), H2O2-infused microbubbles without ultrasonic activation (n = 15) (experimental group); and Group III (HPMU), H2O2-infused microbubbles with ultrasonic activation (n = 15) (experimental group). The crowns were artificially stained. Microbubbles containing 35% H2O2 were generated using the probe sonication method. The bleaching agent H2O2 plain (0.04 mL) was syringed into the pulp chamber in group I, while H2O2-infused microbubbles (0.04 mL) were syringed into group II and group III. Group III was further activated ultrasonically. The evaluation of color shade differences was conducted using the Vita Lumin shade guide at three time points: baseline, day 7, and day 14.
RESULTS: Data regarding color change using Vita shade were investigated for normality using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test and assessed a non-normal distribution. Intergroup comparisons at each particular time interval (baseline, day 7, and day 14) were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test followed by multiple pairwise comparisons using the Adjusted Bonferroni post hoc test. Intragroup comparisons between different time intervals were analyzed using related samples from Friedman\'s test followed by multiple pairwise comparisons using the post hoc Dunn test. The level of statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05. There was no statistical difference in the baseline values of all three groups. Group I (HP) exhibited an average increase of three Vita Lumin shade tabs on day 7 and day 14, respectively, whereas Group II (HPM) exhibited an average increase of six and four Vita Lumin shade tabs on day 7 and day 14, respectively, and Group III (HPMU) exhibited an average increase of 10 and 3 Vita Lumin shade tabs on day 7 and day 14, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Microbubbles containing H2O2 were more efficient and faster than plain H2O2 for bleaching, and the efficacy of bleaching was enhanced when activated using ultrasonic technology.