科学文献包含许多关于聚次甲基染料应用的说明,包括花青染料,作为显像剂,即,“生物污渍,“用于生物材料的微观研究。目前,许多这样的染料被用作活细胞的探针,即,“荧光探针。“聚次甲基染料在这里由两个标准定义。首先,它们具有(2n1)sp2杂化碳原子的共轭链,该共轭链将末端π电子接受(π吸电子)基团与末端π供电子基团连接。第二,它们在这个链中有奇数(2n+3)个π中心和偶数(2n+4)个π电子,其中n等于-CR2=CR3-基团的数量,通常亚乙烯基-CH=CH-。已经尝试了多种化学类型的许多聚次甲基染料的商业化。这些染料已经取得了广泛的应用,然而,数量有限,这里强调的是这些染料。因为这些聚次甲基染料有时被描述得令人困惑,有时会感到困惑,names,我们在这里为非化学家澄清这种染料的化学类别和名称,这种成像剂的生物医学最终用户。然而,这里提出的命名法不是为了取代传统的染料化学“发色团”类别,因为后者被广泛使用和尊贵的当局所掌握,比如颜色指数。
The scientific literature contains many accounts of application of polymethine dyes, including cyanine dyes, as imaging agents, i.e., \"biological stains,\" for microscopic investigation of biological materials. Currently, many such dyes are used as probes for living cells, i.e., \"fluorescent probes.\" Polymethine dyes are defined here by two criteria. First, they possess a conjugated chain of (2n + 1) sp2-hybridized carbon atoms that connect a terminal π-electron-accepting (π-electron withdrawing) group with a terminal π-electron-donating group. Second, they have an odd number (2n + 3) of π-centers and an even number (2n + 4) of π-electrons in this chain, where n equals the number of -CR2=CR3- groups, usually vinylene groups -CH=CH-. Commercialization of diverse chemical types of many polymethine dyes has been attempted. The dyes that have achieved wide application, however, are limited in number and it is these dyes that are emphasized here. Because these polymethine dyes sometimes have been described by confusing, and sometimes confused, names, we clarify here the chemical categories and names of such dyes for the nonchemist, biomedical end user of such imaging agents. Nevertheless, the nomenclature presented here is not intended to replace the traditional \"chromophore\" categories of dyestuff chemistry, because the latter are held in place both by wide usage and by venerable authorities, such as the Colour Index.