生物炭的修复性能根据用于其生产的生物质而变化。进一步的创新涉及通过组合不同的原材料来开发定制的生物炭,以弥补纯生物炭的局限性。因此,由猪粪和入侵日本虎杖(P1J1)共热解产生的量身定制的组合生物炭,以及由这些原料分别生产的生物炭,即,纯猪粪(PM)和纯日本虎杖(JK),将其应用于Pb和As污染的土壤,以评估生物炭引起的土壤性质变化,微生物活性,DOM,以及金属和准金属在土壤孔隙水尺度上的溶解度。生物炭应用减少可溶性Pb,而增强了As的迁移率;添加生物炭后土壤pH值的增加对降低Pb的溶解度起了基本作用,它们的显著负相关(r=-0.990,p<0.01)。相比之下,溶解P的释放强烈影响As动员(r=0.949,p<0.01),特别是在富含P的PM和P1J1治疗中,而JK在动员As方面表现出边际效应。用PM处理的土壤,P1J1和JK主要增加了56%的革兰氏阴性菌,52%,50%,分别,与对照相比。荧光激发-发射光谱法结合平行因子分析确定了孔隙水DOM中的三种成分,C1(长波长类腐殖质),C2(短波长类腐殖质),和C3(蛋白质样),它们分别在P1J1、JK、和添加PM的土壤。主成分分析(PCA)证实,PM和P1J1具有相似的性能,并且与释放P和Mg以及特定的DOM成分(C1和C3)更相关。同时,P1J1补充土壤OM/OC和K,类似于JK。本研究结果表明,组合生物炭P1J1可以全面提高土壤质量,体现了纯PM和JK生物炭的优点,同时克服了它们的缺点。
The remediation performance of biochar varies based on the biomass used for its production. Further innovation involves developing tailor-made biochar by combining different raw materials to compensate for the limitations of pure biochar. Therefore, tailor-made combined biochar produced from the co-pyrolysis of pig manure and invasive Japanese knotweed (P1J1), as well as biochars produced from these feedstocks separately, i.e., pure pig manure (PM) and pure Japanese knotweed (JK), were applied to Pb and As contaminated soil to evaluate the biochar-induced changes on soil properties, microbial activity, DOM, and metal and metalloids solubility at the soil pore water scale. Biochar application reduced soluble Pb, whereas enhanced the As mobility; the increased soil pH after biochar addition played a fundamental role in reducing the Pb solubility, as revealed by their significant negative correlation (r = -0.990, p < 0.01). In contrast, the release of dissolved P strongly influenced As mobilization (r = 0.949, p < 0.01), especially in P-rich PM and P1J1 treatments, while JK showed a marginal effect in mobilizing As. Soils treated with PM, P1J1, and JK mainly increased Gram-negative bacteria by 56 %, 52 %, and 50 %, respectively, compared to the control. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis identified three components in pore water DOM, C1 (long wavelength humic-like), C2 (short wavelength humic-like), and C3 (protein-like), which were dominant respectively in the P1J1, JK, and PM-added soil. A principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed that the PM and P1J1 had similar performance and were more associated with releasing P and Mg and specific DOM components (C1 and C3). Meanwhile, P1J1 supplemented soil OM/OC and K, similar to JK. The results of this study suggest that combined biochar P1J1 can comprehensively enhance soil quality, embodying the advantages of pure PM and JK biochar while overcoming their shortcomings.