这项研究的目的是初步确定四个先前未研究的蘑菇物种的子实体中生物活性成分的含量:PhallusHadriani,Phanusconchatus,Geastrumpectinatum,它们的抗氧化活性和多酚的含量,矿物和重金属。
方法:除了热重测定外,还通过气相色谱-质谱法测定活性化合物,使用Folin-Ciocalteu试剂通过分光光度法定量测定总多酚,使用2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶酰肼基自由基(DPPH)和2,2'-氮杂-二-[3-乙基苯并咪唑啉磺化](ATBS)测定抗氧化活性。此外,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)对所选矿物和重金属进行光谱分析。
结果:分析的蘑菇在其生物活性成分方面有所不同。它们含有对人体健康有不同影响的成分,包括脂肪酸,油酰胺,1,2-二棕榈酰甘油,油酸的(2-苯基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基)-甲酯,deoxyspergualin,2-亚甲基胆固醇-3-醇,十六烷酰胺,异阿罗坦,2,6-二氨基嘌呤,还有腺嘌呤.所有都含有多酚和不同数量的矿物质(钙,镁,铁,锌,钾,磷,钠,铜,硅和锰),并表现出不同效力的抗氧化性能。在其中任何一个中均未观察到铅和镉的允许浓度超标。
结论:所有研究的蘑菇都可以为提取具有生理作用的各种生物活性化合物提供材料。此外,多酚和矿物质的存在,以及抗氧化性能和不存在超过允许的重金属浓度,表明这些物种可能是设计具有健康促进特性的食品的有趣材料,营养品或膳食补充剂。然而,使用这些蘑菇的子实体需要强制性的毒理学和临床研究。
The aim of this study was to preliminarily determine the content of bioactive components in the fruiting bodies of four previously unstudied mushroom species: Aleuria aurantia, Phallus hadriani, Phanus conchatus, Geastrum pectinatum, their antioxidant activity and the content of polyphenols, minerals and heavy metals.
METHODS: Determination of active compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was carried out in addition to thermogravimetric determinations, quantitative determination of total polyphenols by spectrophotometry using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, determination of antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2\'-azino-di-[3-ethylbentiazoline sulphonated] (ATBS). In addition, spectrometric analysis of selected minerals and heavy metals was performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
RESULTS: The mushrooms analysed varied in terms of their bioactive constituents. They contained components with varying effects on human health, including fatty acids, oleamide, 1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol, (2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-methyl ester of oleic acid, deoxyspergualin, 2-methylenocholestan-3-ol, hexadecanoamide, isoallochan, 2,6-diaminopurine, and adenine. All contained polyphenols and varying amounts of minerals (calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, copper, silicon and manganese) and exhibited antioxidant properties of varying potency. No exceedances of the permissible concentration of lead and cadmium were observed in any of them.
CONCLUSIONS: All of the mushrooms studied can provide material for the extraction of various bioactive compounds with physiological effects. In addition, the presence of polyphenols and minerals, as well as antioxidant properties and the absence of exceeding the permissible concentration of heavy metals, indicate that these species could be interesting material in the design of foods with health-promoting properties, nutraceuticals or dietary supplements. However, the use of the fruiting bodies of these mushrooms requires mandatory toxicological and clinical studies.