随着传统能源的消耗,满足能源需求的可持续能源在现代社会中非常重要。生物能源,水电,太阳能,风能是一些完善的可再生能源,有助于实现对兆瓦到千兆瓦电力规模的能源需求。基于纳米能源的纳米发电机是促进自供电系统的不断发展的技术,传感器,以及在物联网(物联网)蓬勃发展的时代中的灵活和便携式电子产品。纳米发电机可以从周围环境和周围环境中获取小规模的能量,以便有效利用。纳米发电机是基于压电的,Tribo,和热电效应,第一个此类产品是由Wang等人在2006年开发的。纳米发电机的发明是环境能量收集技术领域的突破,因为它们重量轻,容易制造,可持续,和无忧无虑的系统。在本文中,对基本面进行全面审查,性能,最近的事态发展,以及纳米发电机在自供电传感器中的应用,风能收集,蓝色能量收集,并讨论了其与太阳能光伏的集成。最后,还概述了该技术发展的前景和挑战。
A sustainable power source to meet the needs of energy requirement is very much essential in modern society as the conventional sources are depleting. Bioenergy, hydropower, solar, and wind are some of the well-established renewable energy sources that help to attain the need for energy at mega to gigawatts power scale. Nanogenerators based on nano energy are the growing technology that facilitate self-powered systems, sensors, and flexible and portable electronics in the booming era of IoT (Internet of Things). The nanogenerators can harvest small-scale energy from the ambient nature and surroundings for efficient utilization. The nanogenerators were based on piezo, tribo, and pyroelectric effect, and the first of its kind was developed in the year 2006 by Wang et al. The invention of nanogenerators is a breakthrough in the field of ambient energy-harvesting techniques as they are lightweight, easily fabricated, sustainable, and care-free systems. In this paper, a comprehensive review on fundamentals, performance, recent developments, and application of nanogenerators in self-powered sensors, wind energy harvesting, blue energy harvesting, and its integration with solar photovoltaics are discussed. Finally, the outlook and challenges in the growth of this technology are also outlined.