仅食用槟榔,或以槟榔(BQ)的形式,对健康有负面影响,对人类致癌。印度尼西亚是世界上最大的槟榔生产国之一,然而,对印尼槟榔和BQs的生物分子组成知之甚少。我们最近表明,印尼BQs的酚类和生物碱含量表现出明显的地理差异。这里,我们首次使用非靶向气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析对来自印度尼西亚四个地区的BQ成分进行了代谢组学分析。除了众所周知的生物碱,小分子谱分析初步确定了BQ中的92种植物化学物质。这些主要包括苯类和萜类,以及酸,醛类,酒精,和酯类。Safrole,一种潜在的基因毒性苯类,在西巴布亚的槟榔(Piperbetle)花序中大量发现,在除西巴布亚以外的任何印度尼西亚地区的槟榔样品中均未检测到。萜烯主要在槟榔叶和花序/茎中检测到。槟榔,外壳,槟榔叶,花序茎,和BQ混合物表达了独特的代谢物模式,并且在不同地理区域发现代谢物的含量和浓度存在显着差异。总之,这是首次使用GC-MS对BQs进行代谢组学研究。结果表明,BQs的分子成分在地理上有所不同,并表明BQs的鉴别疾病诱导能力可能反映了其独特的化学组成。
Consumption of areca nut alone, or in the form of betel quid (BQ), has negative health effects and is carcinogenic to humans. Indonesia is one of the largest producers of areca nuts worldwide, yet little is known about the biomolecular composition of Indonesian areca nuts and BQs. We have recently shown that phenolic and alkaloid content of Indonesian BQs exhibits distinct geographical differences. Here, we profiled for the first time the metabolomics of BQ constituents from four regions of Indonesia using non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In addition to well-known alkaloids, the analysis of small-molecule profiles tentatively identified 92 phytochemicals in BQ. These included mainly
benzenoids and terpenes, as well as acids, aldehydes, alcohols, and esters. Safrole, a potentially genotoxic benzenoid, was found abundantly in betel (Piper betle) inflorescence from West Papua and was not detected in areca nut samples from any Indonesian region except West Papua. Terpenes were mostly detected in betel leaves and inflorescence/stem. Areca nut, husk, betel leaf, the inflorescence stem, and BQ mixture expressed distinctive metabolite patterns, and a significant variation in the content and concentration of metabolites was found across different geographical regions. In summary, this was the first metabolomic study of BQs using GC-MS. The results demonstrate that the molecular constituents of BQs vary geographically and suggest that the differential disease-inducing capacity of BQs may reflect their distinct chemical composition.