背景:尽管有大量关于儿童早期发育的研究,关于可能的危险因素的重要性,仍有许多发现。这项研究检查了认知,电机,以及在低风险环境中成长的健康儿童的语言发展,以及各种个人和环境因素如何与之相关。该研究还考虑了特定参数的重要性是否根据儿童年龄而变化。
方法:在莱比锡的LIFE儿童研究框架内,德国,481名1至36个月大的儿童共参加了832次访视。使用第三版的Bayley婴儿和幼儿发育量表评估发育状态。线性回归分析用于检查儿童发育与性别之间的关联,胎龄,出生体重,出生模式,超重,高度,和父母教育。
结果:平均Bayley认知综合得分,语言,和运动发育接近标准值100。较差的发育结局与较低的胎龄显着相关,真空杯/产钳,超重,高度小,和较低的父母教育,尽管在应用多变量模型后,一些关联变得无关紧要。虽然随着年龄的增长,胎龄和语言发育之间的联系变得越来越弱,我们的互动模型发现,在儿童早期发育的所有三个领域中,与父母教育相关的差异在年龄较大的儿童中变得更加明显.
结论:确定了一些因素与儿童早期发育有关。随着孩子年龄的增长,产科参数,例如,胎龄,与社会人口因素相比,可能变得不太相关,例如,父母教育。
Despite numerous studies on early child development, there is still much to be discovered about the significance of possible risk factors. This study examines cognitive, motor, and language development of healthy children growing up in a low-risk environment and how various individual and environmental factors are associated with it. The study also considers whether the importance of particular parameters changes depending on child age.
Within the framework of the LIFE Child study in Leipzig, Germany, 481 children participated in a total of 832 visits between 1 and 36 months of age. Developmental status was assessed using the Third Edition of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Linear regression analyses were applied to examine the associations between child development and sex, gestational age, birth weight, birth mode, overweight, height, and parental education.
Mean Bayley composite scores for cognitive, language, and motor development were close to the standard value of 100. Poorer developmental outcomes were significantly associated with lower gestational age, vacuum cup/forceps birth, being overweight, small height, and lower parental education, although some of the associations became insignificant after applying multivariate models. While the association between gestational age and language development became weaker with advancing age, our interaction models found disparities related to parental education to become more apparent in older children across all three domains of early child development.
Several factors were identified to be associated with early child development. As children grow older, obstetric parameters, for example, gestational age, might become less relevant compared with sociodemographic factors, for example, parental education.