UNASSIGNED: Intravesical drug delivery (IDD) has gained recognition as a viable approach for treating bladder-related diseases over the years. However, it comes with its set of challenges, including voiding difficulties and limitations in mucosal and epithelial penetration. These challenges lead to drug dilution and clearance, resulting in poor efficacy. Various strategies for drug delivery have been devised to overcome these issues, all aimed at optimizing drug delivery. Nevertheless, there has been minimal translation to clinical settings.
UNASSIGNED: This review provides a detailed description of IDD, including its history, advantages, and challenges. It also explores the physical barriers encountered in IDD, such as voiding, mucosal penetration, and epithelial penetration, and discusses current strategies for overcoming these challenges. Additionally, it offers a comprehensive roadmap for advancing IDD into clinical trials.
UNASSIGNED: Physical bladder barriers and limitations of conventional treatments result in unsatisfactory efficacy against bladder diseases. Nevertheless, substantial recent efforts in this field have led to significant progress in overcoming these challenges and have raised important attributes for an optimal IDD system. However, there is still a lack of well-defined steps in the workflow to optimize the IDD system for clinical settings, and further research is required to establish more comprehensive in vitro and in vivo models to expedite clinical translation.

BACKGROUND: Urinary schistosomiasis is a common parasitic disease in endemic countries.
METHODS: We report the case of a patient who was on a working trip to Mauritania. This parasitosis, suspected in the presence of hematuria and the notion of stay in an endemic zone, was confirmed by the presence of Schistosoma heamatobium eggs during the histological examination of the bladder biopsy performed after cystoscopy, highlighting a bilharzial granuloma and of course, the diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of eggs during the direct examination of the freshly collected urine.
CONCLUSIONS: It should be pointed out that the diagnosis of schistosomiasis must be evoked with the association of hematuria and the particular inflammatory aspect of the vesical mucosa and, of course, the notion of stay in an endemic zone.

Autologous urothelial cells are often obtained via bladder biopsy to generate the bio-engineered urethra or bladder, while urine-derived stem cells (USC) can be obtained by a non-invasive approach. The objective of this study is to develop an optimal strategy for urothelium with permeability barrier properties using human USC which could be used for tissue repair in the urinary tract system.
USC were harvested from six healthy adult individuals. To optimize urothelial differentiation, five different differentiation methods were studied. The induced cells were assessed for gene and protein expression markers of urothelial cells via RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining. Barrier function and ultrastructure of the tight junction were assessed with permeability assays and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Induced cells were both cultured on trans-well membranes and small intestinal submucosa, then investigated under histology analysis.
Differentiated USC expressed significantly higher levels of urothelial-specific transcripts and proteins (Uroplakin III and Ia), epithelial cell markers (CK20 and AE1/AE3), and tight junction markers (ZO-1, ZO-2, E-cadherin, and Cingulin) in a time-dependent manner, compared to non-induced USC. In vitro assays using fluorescent dye demonstrated a significant reduction in permeability of differentiated USC. In addition, transmission electron microscopy confirmed appropriate ultrastructure of urothelium differentiated from USC, including tight junction formation between neighboring cells, which was similar to positive controls. Furthermore, multilayered urothelial tissues formed 2 weeks after USC were differentiated on intestine submucosal matrix.
The present study illustrates an optimal strategy for the generation of differentiated urothelium from stem cells isolated from the urine. The induced urothelium is phenotypically and functionally like native urothelium and has proposed uses in in vivo urological tissue repair or in vitro urethra or bladder modeling.

BACKGROUND: Assays of molecular biomarkers in urine are non-invasive compared to other body fluids and can be easily repeated. Based on the hypothesis that the secreted markers from the diseased organs may locally release into the body fluid in the vicinity of the injury, urine-based assays have been considered beneficial to monitoring bladder health and urological diseases. The urine proteome is much less complex than the serum and tissues, but nevertheless can contain biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. The urine metabolome has a much higher number and concentration of low-molecular metabolites than the serum or tissues, with a far lower lipid concentration, yet informs directly about dietary and microbial metabolism.
CONCLUSIONS: We here discuss the use of mass spectrometry-based proteomics and metabolomics for urine biomarker assays, specifically with respect to the underlying mechanisms that trigger the pathological condition.
CONCLUSIONS: Molecular biomarker profiles, based on proteomics and metabolomics studies, reliably distinguish patients from healthy controls, stratify sub-populations with respect to treatment options, and predict therapeutic response of patients with urological disease.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of the urethral function on bladder shape and function in myelodysplastic children.
METHODS: Of 39 myelodysplastic children, 30 were treated with intermittent catheterization. The diagnosis of internal sphincter incompetence (SI) was based on cystographic findings (open bladder neck) and that of external SI on urodynamic findings (underactive external sphincter identified on electromyography and maximum urethral closure pressure of less than 50 cm H2 O). Follow up included evaluation of bladder deformity and compliance.
RESULTS: The mean observation period was 8.6 years. In the 11 patients with external SI, bladder deformity and compliance significantly improved as a result of intermittent catheterization. However, of 12 patients with overactive sphincter and/or closure pressure of 50 cm H2 O or more, eight showed deterioration or no improvement in bladder deformity, and three showed upper urinary tract deterioration.
CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that an increase in urethral resistance may lead to deterioration of bladder shape.

暂无摘要。

暂无摘要。

暂无摘要。

暂无摘要。

暂无摘要。