BACKGROUND: The high mobilization failure rate with the mobilization strategy of combining chemotherapy and filgrastim (rhG-CSF) in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) in lymphomas is one of the unresolved issues. Whether the combination of polyethylene glycol filgrastim [pegfilgrastim (PEG-FIL), PEG-rhG-CSF] and filgrastim (FIL) improves the mobilization success rate and the timing of combination therapy has not been studied.
METHODS: 107 lymphoma patients who received auto-HSCT were retrospectively enrolled and divided into groups of PEG+FIL and FIL. The group of PEG+FIL received pegfilgrastim (9 mg) on the third day of the chemotherapy, followed by filgrastim (10 μg/kg/day) based on the counts of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC). The group of FIL received filgrastim 10 μg /kg/day depending on the number of PBSCs.
RESULTS: The incidence of neutropenic fever in the group of PEG+FIL was significantly lower than in the group of FIL. The mean recovery time of leukocytes at autologous stem cell transplantation was significantly shorter in the group of PEG+FIL than in the group of FIL. Compared to the groups of FIL, the group of PEG+FIL had lower hospitalization costs. We found that the combination therapy is more recommended for patients with a bone marrow hematopoietic area of less than 30 %. Filgrastim is best administered 5-6 days after pegfilgrastim administration.
CONCLUSIONS: Compared to conventional filgrastim mobilization, the combination of pegfilgrastim and filgrastim schedule has high efficacy, non-inferior safety, and superior health economic benefits during auto-HSCT.

Objective: The effect and safety of etoposide combined with G-CSF were compared with those of cyclophosphamide combined with G-CSF in autologous peripheral blood mobilization in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) . Methods: Patients with MM who received autologous peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and collection in the Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 1, 2020 to July 31, 2023 were included. A total of 134 patients were screened by propensity score matching technology according to a 1∶1 ratio. A total of 67 cases were each treated with ETO combined with G-CSF mobilization scheme (ETO group) and CTX combined with G-CSF mobilization scheme (CTX group). Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: ①Collection results: the ETO and CTX groups [2 (1-3) d vs 2 (1-5) d; P<0.001] and CD34(+) cells [7.62×10(6) (2.26×10(6)-37.20×10(6)) /kg vs 2.73×10(6) (0.53×10(6)-9.85×10(6)) /kg; P<0.001] were collected. The success rate of collection was 100.0% (67/67) versus 76.1% (51/67) (P<0.001). Excellent rate of collection was 82.1% (55/67) versus 20.9% (14/67; P<0.001). Two patients in the ETO group switched protocols after 1 day of collection, and 11 patients in the CTX group switched protocols after 1-2 days of collection. ②Adverse reactions: granular deficiency with fever (21.5%[14/65] vs. 10.7%[6/56]; P=0.110), requiring platelet transfusion [10.7% (7/65) vs 1.8% (1/56) ; P=0.047]. ③Until the end of follow-up, 63 cases in the ETO group and 54 cases in the CTX group have undergone autologous transplantation. The median number of CD34(+) cells infused in the two groups was 4.62×10(6) (2.14×10(6)-19.89×10(6)) /kg versus 2.62×10(6) (1.12×10(6)-5.31×10(6)) /kg (P<0.001), neutrophil implantation time was 11 (9-14) d versus 11 (10-14) d (P=0.049), and platelet implantation time was 11 (0-19) d vs. 12 (0-34) d (P=0.035). One case in the CTX group experienced delayed platelet implantation. Conclusion: The mobilization scheme of etoposide combined with G-CSF requires relatively platelet transfusion, but the collection days are shortened. The collection success rate, excellent rate, and the number of CD34(+) cells obtained are high, and the neutrophil and platelet engraftment is accelerated after transplantation.
目的： 比较依托泊苷（ETO）联合G-CSF与环磷酰胺（CTX）联合G-CSF在多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者中进行自体外周血造血干细胞动员的效果及安全性。 方法： 纳入2020年1月1日至2023年7月31在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院血液科接受自体外周血造血干细胞动员、采集的MM患者，利用倾向性评分按照1∶1匹配比例筛选出134例患者，ETO联合G-CSF动员方案（ETO组）、CTX联合G-CSF动员方案（CTX组）各67例，对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。 结果： ①ETO组、CTX组采集天数分别为2（1~3）d、2（1~5）d（P<0.001），CD34(+)细胞采集量分别为7.62（2.26~37.20）×10(6)/kg、2.73（0.53~9.85）×10(6)/kg（P<0.001），采集成功率分别为100.0%（67/67）、76.1%（51/67）（P<0.001）、采集优良率分别为82.1%（55/67）、20.9%（14/67）（P<0.001）。ETO组有2例患者在采集1 d后进行方案转换，CTX组有11例患者在采集1~2 d后进行方案转换。②ETO组、CTX组粒缺伴发热发生率分别为21.5%（14/65）、10.7%（6/56）（P=0.110），血小板输注患者占比分别为10.7%（7/65）、1.8%（1/56）（P=0.047）。③至随访截止，ETO组63例、CTX组54例患者接受了自体造血干细胞移植，中位CD34(+)细胞回输量分别为4.62（2.14~19.89）×10(6)/kg、2.62（1.12~5.31）×10(6)/kg（P<0.001），中性粒细胞植入时间分别为11（9~14）d、11（10~14）d（P=0.049），血小板植入时间分别为11（0~19）d、12（0~34）d（P=0.035）。CTX组有1例患者发生血小板延迟植入。 结论： 依托泊苷联合G-CSF的动员方案可能有较多的患者需要输注血小板，但采集天数缩短，采集成功率、优良率及CD34(+)细胞采集量较高，移植后中性粒细胞和血小板植入较快。.

Objective: To evaluate the advantages and safety of Plerixafor in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization of lymphoma. Methods: Lymphoma patients who received autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization with Plerixafor in combination with G-CSF or G-CSF alone were obtained. The clinical data, the success rate of stem cell collection, hematopoietic reconstitution, and treatment-related adverse reactions between the two groups were evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 184 lymphoma patients were included in this analysis, including 115 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (62.5%) , 16 cases of classical Hodgkin\'s lymphoma (8.7%) , 11 cases of follicular non-Hodgkin\'s lymphoma (6.0%) , 10 cases of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (5.4%) , 6 cases of mantle cell lymphoma (3.3%) , and 6 cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (3.3%) , 6 cases of NK/T-cell lymphoma (3.3%) , 4 cases of Burkitt\'s lymphoma (2.2%) , 8 cases of other types of B-cell lymphoma (4.3%) , and 2 cases of other types of T-cell lymphoma (1.1%) ; 31 patients had received radiotherapy (16.8%) . The patients in the two groups were recruited with Plerixafor in combination with G-CSF or G-CSF alone. The baseline clinical characteristics of the two groups were basically similar. The patients in the Plerixafor in combination with the G-CSF mobilization group were older, and the number of recurrences and third-line chemotherapy was higher. 100 patients were mobilized with G-CSF alone. The success rate of the collection was 74.0% for one day and 89.0% for two days. 84 patients in the group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF were recruited successfully with 85.7% for one day and 97.6% for two days. The success rate of mobilization in the group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF was substantially higher than that in the group of G-CSF alone (P=0.023) . The median number of CD34(+) cells obtained in the mobilization group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF was 3.9×10(6)/kg. The median number of CD34(+) cells obtained in the G-CSF Mobilization group alone was 3.2×10(6)/kg. The number of CD34(+) cells collected by Plerixafor combined with G-CSF was considerably higher than that in G-CSF alone (P=0.001) . The prevalent adverse reactions in the group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF were grade 1-2 gastrointestinal reactions (31.2%) and local skin redness (2.4%) . Conclusion: The success rate of autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in lymphoma patients treated with Plerixafor combined with G-CSF is significantly high. The success rate of collection and the absolute count of CD34(+) stem cells were substantially higher than those in the group treated with G-CSF alone. Even in older patients, second-line collection, recurrence, or multiple chemotherapies, the combined mobilization method also has a high success rate of mobilization.
目的： 分析普乐沙福（Plerixafor）联合粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）在淋巴瘤患者中进行自体造血干细胞动员的效果及安全性。 方法： 收集2019年4月至2021年12月在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院采用普乐沙福联合G-CSF（普乐沙福+G-CSF组）或单用G-CSF（G-CSF组）进行自体造血干细胞动员的淋巴瘤患者，回顾性分析两组之间临床资料、干细胞动员/采集成功率、移植后造血重建和治疗不良反应。 结果： 全部184例淋巴瘤患者包括弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤115例（62.5%）、经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤16例（8.7%）、滤泡性非霍奇金淋巴瘤11例（6.0%）、血管免疫母细胞T细胞淋巴瘤10例（5.4%）、套细胞淋巴瘤6例（3.3%）、间变大细胞淋巴瘤6例（3.3%）、NK/T细胞淋巴瘤6例（3.3%）、伯基特淋巴瘤4例（2.2%）、其他类型B细胞淋巴瘤8例（4.3%）、其他类型T细胞淋巴瘤2例（1.1%）。31例（16.8%）患者曾接受放疗。普乐沙福+G-CSF组84例，G-CSF组100例。普乐沙福+G-CSF组患者年龄较大、复发及三线化疗患者占比较高，其他临床特征基本一致。G-CSF组动员后1 d采集成功率为74.0%，2 d采集成功率为89.0%；普乐沙福+ G-CSF组1 d采集成功率为85.7%，2 d采集成功率为97.6%。普乐沙福+G-CSF组的动员成功率明显高于单用G-CSF组（P=0.023）。普乐沙福+G-CSF组、G-CSF组采集CD34(+)细胞中位数分别为3.9（0.7~21.2）×10(6)/kg、3.2（0.6~19.4）×10(6)/kg（P=0.001）。普乐沙福+G-CSF组常见的不良反应为1~2级胃肠道反应（31.2%）、局部皮肤发红（2.4%）。 结论： 普乐沙福联合G-CSF用于淋巴瘤患者自体造血干细胞动员/采集成功率、CD34(+)细胞采集量均明显高于单用G-CSF，不良反应少，即使在年龄较大、二线动员、复发或者多次化疗的患者中也具有较高的动员成功率。.

Objective: To analyze the effect and safety of plerixafor combined with G-CSF mobilization in plasma cell disease. Methods: The clinical baseline data, success rate of collection, and adverse reactions of consecutive cases of plasma cell disease were analyzed retrospectively, where the patients received plerixafor combined with G-CSF for autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in Peking University People\'s Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019. Results: Forty-nine patients with plasma disease were included, of which 39 (79.6% ) were multiple myeloma, 8 (16.3% ) were amyloidosis, and 2 (4.1% ) were monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance. A total of 16 patients (32.7% ) had renal insufficiency, and 7 patients (14.3% ) had previous collection failure. The median times of apheresis was 1 (1-3) , median days of apheresis was 2 (1-3) days, 47 patients (95.9% ) were successfully collected for once, and the success rate of collection for twice was 100% after using plerixafor for mobilization. In 16 patients with renal insufficiency, collection was successful in 5 patients (31.3% ) on the first day, while aphresis was required in 8 patients (50% ) on the second day and 3 (18.8% ) on the third day. The main adverse reactions were fatigue, insomnia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, and arthralgia. A total of 37 patients underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with 11 (8-13) days for neutrophil engraftment, and 11 (9-26) days for platelet engraftment. Conclusions: Plerixafor combined with G-CSF has a high success rate in mobilizaion of autologous hematopoietic stem cells in patients with plasma cell disease with minimum side effects, even in patients with renal insufficiency.
目的： 分析普乐沙福联合G-CSF在浆细胞疾病自体造血干细胞中动员的效果及安全性。 方法： 回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年12月在北京大学人民医院使用普乐沙福联合G-CSF进行自体造血干细胞动员的浆细胞疾病患者的基线临床资料、采集成功率及不良反应。 结果： 共纳入49例浆细胞疾病患者，多发性骨髓瘤（MM）39例（79.6%），淀粉样变性8例（16.3%），肾脏意义的单克隆免疫球蛋白沉积病（MGRS）2例（4.1%），肾功能不全16例（32.7%）。其他动员方案既往采集失败患者7例（14.3%）。使用普乐沙福动员后，中位采集次数1（1～3）次，中位采集天数2（1～3）d，一次采集成功47例（95.9%），两次采集累积成功率为100%。在16例肾功能不全的患者中，5例（31.3%）患者第1天采集成功，8例（50%）需要第2天采集，3例（18.8%）需要第3天采集。主要不良反应依次为乏力、失眠、腹痛、腹泻、头晕、关节痛。共37例患者行auto-HSCT，白细胞中位植活时间11（8～13）d，血小板中位植活时间11（9～26）d。 结论： 普乐沙福联合G-CSF用于浆细胞疾病患者自体造血干细胞动员成功率高，不良反应少，即使在肾功能不全的患者中也具有较高的动员成功率。.