目的:健康饮食对哮喘预防和管理的影响,尤其是老年妇女,仍然知之甚少。我们调查了健康的饮食是否会减少哮喘症状,and,在患有哮喘的女性中,减少不受控制的哮喘和代谢相关的多发病率。
方法:我们纳入了来自哮喘-E3N研究的12,991名老年女性(平均年龄=63岁),法国E3N队列中的嵌套病例对照研究。负二项回归用于分析健康饮食[由替代健康饮食指数-2010(AHEI-2010)评估]与有效的哮喘症状评分之间的关联。和逻辑回归分析AHEI-2010与哮喘控制测试和先前通过所用药物的聚类方法确定的多发病率概况之间的关联。
结果:调整潜在的混杂因素后,AHEI-2010评分与哮喘症状评分之间呈线性负相关[最高和最低的5分的平均得分为(95%CI)=0.82(0.75~0.90);趋势p<0.0001].此外,与"少数多症相关药物"相比,AHEI-2010最高和最低的女性属于"主要代谢性多症相关药物谱"的风险较低[对于3个月,OR0.80(0.63-1.00);趋势p=0.05;n=3474].
结论:我们的研究结果表明,健康的饮食摄入在预防和控制哮喘的一生中发挥着重要作用。
OBJECTIVE: The impact of a healthy diet on asthma prevention and management, particularly among elderly women, remains poorly understood. We investigated whether a healthy diet would be associated with fewer asthma symptoms, and, among women with asthma, with reduced uncontrolled asthma and metabolic-related multimorbidity.
METHODS: We included 12,991 elderly women (mean age = 63 years) from the Asthma-E3N study, a nested case-control study within the French E3N cohort. Negative binomial regressions were used to analyse associations between a healthy diet [evaluated by the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010)] and a validated asthma symptom score, and logistic regressions to analyse associations between the AHEI-2010 with the asthma control test and multimorbidity profiles previously identified by clustering methods on medications used.
RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, a linear inverse association was found between the AHEI-2010 score and the asthma symptom score [mean score ratio (95% CI) = 0.82 (0.75-0.90) for the highest versus lowest quintile; p for trend < 0.0001]. In addition, women in the highest versus lowest AHEI-2010 tertile were at a lower risk to belong to the \"Predominantly metabolic multimorbidity-related medications profile\" compared to the \"Few multimorbidity-related medications\" profile [OR 0.80 (0.63-1.00) for tertile 3; p for trend = 0.05; n = 3474].
CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that a healthy dietary intake could play an important role in the prevention and management of asthma over the life course.